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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edict of Nantes
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1598 to end religious wars, henry IV of France granted religious toleration. 80 years later it was revooked by Louis XIV who unified religion so he wold have no dissenting groups
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Peace of Augsburg
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1555 to settle religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire, each prince was to determine the religion which would prevail his land
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Treaty of Paris
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1783 ended American Revolution
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Congress of Vienna
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1814-1815 Remade Europe after the downfall of Napolean. One of the most important in European history
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Council of Trent
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1545 ecumenical council met to deal with the crisis of the protestant reformation
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Diet of Worms
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1521, most famous of the imperial diets held at Worms, Germany. To take up the recalcitrant behavior of Luther.
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Peace of Westphalia
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1648 which ended the Thirty Years' War
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Thomas Hobbes
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Believed man was violent in a state of nature
best form of gov't is absolute monarchy opposed to english revolution didn't like gov't but thought it was necessary to control man (lesser of two evils) |
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Montesquieu
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Anti-absolutist
Power should be divided among many powers (king, parliament, courts...) Liked England's gov't because it had seperation of power liked the Middle Ages because there was no centralization of gov't democracy would only work in small city states part of the noble resurgence which followed the death of Louis XIV |
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John Locke
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Born with your mind as a blank slate
opposed to rationalism of Descartes Man is good in a State of Nature Believed in Man's right to Life, Liberty, and Property, and the people can rebel if they are not permitted these rights by the government Father of Liberalism No divine right to rule Man is governed by reason |
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Rousseau
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Man is good in a State of Nature
Society corrupts the individual Purpose of gov't is to protect the individual's freedom Best society is a participatory democracy Influenced French Revolution |
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William Hogarth
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British Painter and Engraver of modern moral subjects
Enlightenment ideals Satire Painted real people, ordinary life |
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Francois Boucher
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Rococo art, 18th century
Rococo: opulence, grace, playfulness, and lightness Painted nobility, none of the harsh lives people live |
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Piere Bayle
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will be added later
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Voltaire
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Natural morality, and natural religion
didn't believe in supernatural reason is enough to determine good from evil Freedom of Speech Said "If God did not exist, he would be invented" Liked Louis XIV Didn't care how powerful a gov't was as long as it was enlightened the most inhumane cries have been perpetrated in the name of religion |
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jj
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mistake card, sorry
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Piere Bayle
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Supported Calvanism but was also an advocate of Religious Toleration, said faith and reason are contradictory
Influenced Hume, skepticism |
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David Hume
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Skepticism and empiricism(experience is the only source of knowledge), humans can no nothing whatsoever with certainty, Moral Relativism-since we dont know anything for certain, we can't judge others' ideas of morality, influenced Adam Smith
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Moliere
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Playright, used satire to criticize society, wrote the Misanthrope
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Adam Smith
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Capitalism, thought that increasing wealth of a nation as a whole was the biggest factor in human progress, wrote Wealth of Nations, anti-mercantilism, used "the invisible hand"
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Michelangelo
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Believed art led one to God, combined piety and humanism thus bridging the Middle Ages and Renaissance
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Fought for protestants during French Religious Wars, mercantilist, James I told him not to damage Spanish property and he accidentally set fire to a Spanish Settlement so he was beheaded
Renaissance Man (lots of jobs) |
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Hernan Cortes
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Attacked Mexico to spread Christianity
Took Aztec emperor Montezuma hostage, attempt to convert Aztecs to Christianity failed. Later recaptured the weakened city (small pox epidemic) |
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Petrarch
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Wrote Sonnets, obsessed with a woman named Laura
Scholar and Poet Humanist |
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Machiavelli
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Wrote The Prince, the end justifies the means, if you can't be feared and loved, it is better to be feared
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Botticelli
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Birth of Venus
Helped decorate walls of Sistine Chapel Experienced Religious Rebirth His subsequent works such as the Pieta reflect an intense relgious devotion |
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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Mona Lisa, didn't finish many of his pieces
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Martin Luther
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Created Protestantism (began Reformation)
Posted his 95 theses on the Church door Believed scripture was the only authority accused of heresy by the church |
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Girolamo Savonarola
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Studies philosophy and medicine
Became a Dominican Monk Opposed corruption of Church and Medici rule Burned at the stake in 1498 for heresy and denouncing the pope |
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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Cousins before marrying
United the two most powerful kingdoms of Spain, Castille and Aragon gov't based on absolutism Supported Catholic Church Led Inquisition, forcing Jews and Musilims out of Spain Financed Columbus |
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Piere Bayle
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Supported Calvanism but was also an advocate of Religious Toleration, said faith and reason are contradictory
Influenced Hume, skepticism |
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David Hume
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Skepticism and empiricism(experience is the only source of knowledge), humans can no nothing whatsoever with certainty, Moral Relativism-since we dont know anything for certain, we can't judge others' ideas of morality, influenced Adam Smith
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Moliere
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Playright, used satire to criticize society, wrote the Misanthrope
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Adam Smith
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Capitalism, thought that increasing wealth of a nation as a whole was the biggest factor in human progress, wrote Wealth of Nations, anti-mercantilism, used "the invisible hand"
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Michelangelo
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Believed art led one to God, combined piety and humanism thus bridging the Middle Ages and Renaissance
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Fought for protestants during French Religious Wars, mercantilist, James I told him not to damage Spanish property and he accidentally set fire to a Spanish Settlement so he was beheaded
Renaissance Man (lots of jobs) |
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Hernan Cortes
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Attacked Mexico to spread Christianity
Took Aztec emperor Montezuma hostage, attempt to convert Aztecs to Christianity failed. Later recaptured the weakened city (small pox epidemic) |
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Petrarch
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Wrote Sonnets, obsessed with a woman named Laura
Scholar and Poet Humanist |
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Machiavelli
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Wrote The Prince, the end justifies the means, if you can't be feared and loved, it is better to be feared
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Botticelli
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Birth of Venus
Helped decorate walls of Sistine Chapel Experienced Religious Rebirth His subsequent works such as the Pieta reflect an intense relgious devotion |
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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Mona Lisa, didn't finish many of his pieces
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Martin Luther
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Created Protestantism (began Reformation)
Posted his 95 theses on the Church door Believed scripture was the only authority accused of heresy by the church |
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Girolamo Savonarola
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Studies philosophy and medicine
Became a Dominican Monk Opposed corruption of Church and Medici rule Burned at the stake in 1498 for heresy and denouncing the pope |
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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Cousins before marrying
United the two most powerful kingdoms of Spain, Castille and Aragon gov't based on absolutism Supported Catholic Church Led Inquisition, forcing Jews and Musilims out of Spain Financed Columbus |
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St. Ignatius of Loyola
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founder of the Jesuit order of Catholics
vowed to serve the pope unquestioningly worked as a missionary |
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Albrecht Durer
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Artist inspired by Reformation
Represented things as they are not as they should be beleved all nature (even the seemingly ugly part) is beautiful because it is part of God |
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Henry VIII
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Broke away from Catholic Church to create the Protestant National Church (partly so he could get a divorce) which gave him absolute power
By breaking with the church, England developed its own national identity |
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Descartes
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Knowledge does not come from the senses, it comes from reason, you cannot trust what your seeing to be true
"I think therefore I am" Doubt everything, except that which can be proven by logic Rationalism?? |
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Caravaggio
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Helped originate Baroque Art
painted the Conversion of St. Paul |
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Chopin
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His music was seen as absolutely incredible, many didn't understand the genius of his work
believed the pauses between the notes is where the excitement comes (the anticipation signals the longing) Constantly sick music had an unpredictable flow (like emotions) |
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Louis XIV
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Absolutist ruler in France
Built Versailles Kept the nobles happy and occupied at Versailles so they wouldn't rebel revoked Edict of Nantes |
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Phillip II of Spain
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invaded England in 1588 using the "undefeatable" Spanish Armada and lost. wanted to overthrow Elizabeth I
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Edmund Burke
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Served in the British House of Commons in the 1700's, supported American Revolution against King George III and strongly opposed the French Revolution
Member of the Whig Party |
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John Stuart Mill
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Liberal philosopher, pro-utilitarianism
Empiricist: one must gain knowledge through experience |
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Utilitarianism
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The greatest good for the greatest number
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Mary Tudor
(Mary I of England) |
Changed England back from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism
Known as Bloody Mary because she had about 300 people executed who were against the religion |
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Tchaikovsky
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Romanticist composer
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Oliver Cromwell
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Named himseld Lord Protector of England in 1653, made England a republic (Commonwealth of England) but basically led a military dictatorship
Led the Rump Parliament |
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Charles V
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King of France, gained much of its land back during the Hundred Years' War
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James I
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succeeded Elizabeth I (before this he was James VI of Scotland)
Strongly advocated the Divine Right of Kings Created a new translation of the bible published the Book of Sports, allowing people to play games on Sunday if they attended the Church of England first made peace with Spain later fought them in a war before his death |
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Charles I
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unfair taxes to get money for wars
Parliament released the Petition of Right saying he could no longer unfairly impose taxes without their consent Charles Later Dissolved Parliament wanted religious conformity in England and Scotland When the Scots rebelled, he had to call parliament back and thus occurred the Long Parliament which made many new laws against Charles's actions After they issued the Grand Remonstrance, Charles raised an army and started a civil war, lost, and cromwell had him beheaded |
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Charles II
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restored the Stuart Monarchy after Cromwell died
allowed people to worship freely Parliament made it the law to attend Anglican Church |
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Karl Mark
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Marxism- believes society goes through steps and will eventually be communist
1.Feudalism 2. Capitalism 3. Socialism 4.Communism Thought Bourgeoisie's rise to power during industrial revolution would eventually die due to their own faults because the proletariat class was getting so large |
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Friedrich
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Romantic Painter in the 19th Century
Painted scenes from Nature Obsessed with death and afterlife (sketched monuments and sculptures for mausoleums) painted landscapes |
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Goya
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Romantic Painter
Painted Saturn Devouring His Son--a slightly disturbing painting of a giant monster-like figure eating a person Also painted the royal family in both happy scenes and gory scenes of war and death |
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Bernini
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Baroque Sculptor and Architect
Sculpted Ecstasy of St. Theresa, architect for the Piazza |
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David
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Sculpture by Bernini (baroque)
revolutionary--movement depicted through stone like it never has been before |
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Jean-Paul Marat
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French Revolution Activist--fought for the poorest people, wanted to stop crimes of the leading class but was willing to do it through violence, seen as the most bloodthirsty person in the revolution. Murdered in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday
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Charlotte Corday
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Murdered Marat
Idealist Thought his death would restore all of France Was later beheaded |
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Vermeer
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Painted Bourgeoise scenes
1600's Painted Girl with a Pearl Earring |
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Robespierre
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Led the Reign of Terror
"one guides the people by reason, and the enemies of the people by terror" It is okay to use violence if it is used for a virtuous goal (ends justify means) His goal was a Republic |
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David
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Sculpture by Bernini (baroque)
revolutionary--movement depicted through stone like it never has been before |
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Jean-Paul Marat
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French Revolution Activist--fought for the poorest people, wanted to stop crimes of the leading class but was willing to do it through violence, seen as the most bloodthirsty person in the revolution. Murdered in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday
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Charlotte Corday
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Murdered Marat
Idealist Thought his death would restore all of France Was later beheaded |
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Vermeer
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Painted Bourgeoise scenes
1600's Painted Girl with a Pearl Earring |
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Robespierre
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Led the Reign of Terror
"one guides the people by reason, and the enemies of the people by terror" It is okay to use violence if it is used for a virtuous goal (ends justify means) His goal was a Republic |
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Henry Fuseli
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Paintings filled with emotions
"longing for the unobtainable" |
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Louis XIII's chief minister
wanted a centralized government and wanted to consolidate royal power |
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Pope Alexander VI
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Very corrupt pope during the renaissance: had orgies, overuse of indulgences, over elaboration of church rituals, abuse of papal power, pluralism
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Gustave Courbet
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French Painter who led the realist movement, believed the artist's mission was the pursuit of truth, which would help erase socail contradictions and imbalances
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