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25 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
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Big Bang Theory

•current accepted model


•describes the universe as expanding and originated in an infinitely tiny, infinitely dense point around 14B (gya)


•matter was not present at the beginning of time;there was only pure energy compressed in a single point called singularity

Edouard Lemaitre

•Belgian Roman catholic priest


•to whom the fundamental statement of the bbt is attributed to

Edwin Hubble

•supported the bbt


•demonstrated the continuously expanding universe through his observation of galatic redshifts in 1929

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson

•1965


▪discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation (cmbr)

4 fundamental forces

•gravity


•electromagnetic force


•weak nuclear force


•strong nuclear force


Gravity

attraction between bodies

Electromagnetic force

binds atoms into molecules

Strong Nuclear force

binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

Weak Nuclear force

breaks down an atom's nucleus and produce radioactive decay

In a fraction of a second...

4 fundamental forces were formed

Big Bang Theory

After 3 minutes...

•begins to cool down


•allowing the protons and neutrons to fuse and form the nucleus of H and He atoms

Big Bang Theory

About 300,000 years later...

temperatures became cool enough for H and He atoms to completely form


•photons escaped and light existed for the first time

Big Bang Theory

After 300M years...

stars and galaxies began to form as H and He coalesce with the aid of gravity


•light elements to heavier elements from the supernova as the temp cooled down


•this made solid particles in the form of nebulae to exist



Big Bang Theory

Nebulae

•forms the star systems and planets known today

Big Bang Theory

Oscillating Universe

•Albert Einstein's favored model (after rejecting his own)


•followed the general relativity equations with positive curvature


•perpetual cycle of big bang and big crunch


Steady State Theory

•predicted a universe that expanded but did not change its density


•(matter was inserted into the universe as it expanded in order to maintain a constant density)

Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, and Hermann Bondi

•proposed the Steady State Theory

Inflationary Universe

•based on the BBT


•known as inflationary model


•incorporated a short early period of exponential cosmic inflation


•solves the horizon and flatness problem of the BBT

Alan Guth

•American physicist


•proposed the Inflationary Universe/Inflationary Model

Cyclic Model

•variation of inflationary model

Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok

•2002


▪developed the cyclic model


▪incorporated the ideas based on the superstring theory

Inflationary Universe

Multiverse

•sees the universe as just one of the many "bubbles" that grew as a part of a multiverse

Andrei Linde

•Russian-American physicist


•developed the concept of inflationary universe from his chaotic inflation theory in 1983

Hugh Everett III and Bryce DeWitt

•American Physicist


•initially developed and popularized the concept of "many worlds" structure of the univere (1960s and 1970s)

Monsignor Georges Lemaitre

•Roman catholic priest, physicist and astronomer


•1st academic to propose a theory of an expanding universe called as "hypothesis of the primeval atom or cosmic egg"


•pioneer in applying Einstein's theory of relativity in cosmology