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41 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Adenauer
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The founding father of West Germany; leader of the Christian Democratic Union;
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Beria
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Stalin’s fellow Georgian who led the NKVD; arrested in 1953, he was shot; NKVD was reorganized
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Eden
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served as British Prime Minister after Churchill until Suez Canal debacle forced him to resign
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Erhard
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Adenauer’s lieutenant who emphasized economic recovery and expansion in West Germany and who left much up to the private sector
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Gagarin
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Russian; the first man in space (1961)
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Gasperi
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the most influential politician in Italy coalition government; helped restore Italy to economic and social stability; participated in 1948 Congress of Europe
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Honecker
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Construction of the Berlin began in August 1961 under this successor of Ulbricht
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John F. Kennedy
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Needed a diplomatic success after the Bay of Pigs and the construction of the Berlin Wall; helped diffuse Cuban Missile Crisis
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Khrushchev
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began de-Stalinization in 1956; almost ousted in 1957 by Soviets; failed a summit meeting with Kennedy; in 1962, installed missiles in Cuba and launched missile crisis
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Macmillan
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follwed Eden as prime minister in Britain; most able one of three
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Malenkov
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premier who filled Stalin’s role; fell from power in 1955 and his protégé was ousted from premiership
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Mendes-France
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Premier who was successful in 1954 in ending French involvement in Indochina
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Monnet
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The architect of French economic recovery and of European economic integration; put together a four-year plan that went into effect in 1948; Commissioner of Planning under the European Recovery Program/ the Marshal Plan who proposed a pooling of coal and steel resources in Europe (the Schumann Plan)
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Nagy
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appointed premier four months after Stalin’s death in Hungary; mirrored Malenkov’s New Course; included diversion of resources to light industry and an end to forced collectivization; established a new government in October 1956; declared Hungary’s neutrality and was crushed
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Joseph Stalin
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died in March 1953
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Ulbricht
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influential figure in the Socialist Unity Party agreed to follow a Soviet line emphasizing social and economic concessions in Berlin in 1953
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Zhukov
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the great Soviet military leader of World War Ii who backed Khrushchev in his politics and de-Stalinization;
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Berlin Crisis
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a series of crises which culminated in the construction of th Berlin Wall in August 1961; included the U-2 spy plan incident, the fialed summit meeting between Khrushchev and Kennedy and the construction of the Wall;
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Berlin Wall
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divided East from west Germany in 1961; Khrushchev decided to build it under supervision fo Honecker to seal off the border
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“chancellor democracy”
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Adenauer’s style of government which featured a strong executive and restricted democracy; acceptable because of Germany’s economic success and the delicate international situation;
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Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
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Konrad Adenauer was the leader; attracted members with widely differing interests and replaced the old conservative parties;
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Cuban Missile Crisis–
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Khrushchev installed missles in Cuba; (see 189)
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detente
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caused by Berlin Crisis and Buan Missile Crisis; continued even after America played role in Vietnam
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De-Stalinization
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Khruschev’ political poicy; blamed Stalin for past wrongs to deflect criticism of existing situation; tried to create more productive, efficient, and technologicallysophisticated economy;
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“Doctor’s Plot”
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evidence that Stalin intended to reinstitute the Purges of the 30's; a plot by several prominent physicians to murder important party and government officials
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European Community (EC)
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The Merger Treaty of 1967 combined the Eec, the ECSC and the Euratom into this; made up of France, West Germany, Itay and the Benelux
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European Economic Community (EEC)
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in 1957, the Treaty of Rome established this to eliminate customs barriers among its member states and to create a common tariff structure for the rest of the world;
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European Free Trade Association(EFTA)
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the British sponsored this much looser arrangement than the EEC;
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guestworkers
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the arrival of foreigners in large numbers added to the capacikty to produce goods relatively cheaply in Europe;
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Marshall Plan
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based on national plans which OEEC helped to coordinate; the U.S. provided much of the capital needed for recovery through it; its main contribution was psychological
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National health Service Act
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The expansion of the welfare state formed the second development in Britain after the war; this was the beginning of the Labour Party’s comprehensive social security system and socialized medical care program;
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National Insurance Act–
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see National Health Service Act (1946)
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NKVD, KGB
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led by Lavrenti Beria; after his death in 1953, it was reorganized as the KGB to curtail its independence;
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Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
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signed in 1963 by Russia and U.S.; part of detente
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People’s Repulic of China (PRC)
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U.S. pursued policies to keep it from taking more active role in the war as part of detente
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Schumann Plan
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Proposed by Jean Monnet and Fforeign Minister Robert Schumann; a pooling of coal and steel resources in Europe
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“socialmarket”
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left much up to the private sector; combined good business management, efforts by industry to channel investments and to control prices, government intervention, and a long period of labor peace; enabled German economic recovery;
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Sputnik I
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the first satellite in 1957 with which S.U. took lead in space exploration
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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
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most promised development of detente; successfully banned defensive missile systems
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Suez Canal Crisis
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British and French failed to regain control of Suez Canal in 1956; served to underline the ECSC’s states’ individual weaknesses
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Treaty of Rome
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184the Treaty which established the European Economic Community or Common Market in 1957
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