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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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carbohydrates
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organic compounds composed of carvon, hudrogen and oxygen ina ratio of avout one carbon atome to tow hdyrogen atoms to one oxygen atom
-# of carbon atoms varies -some serve as a source of energy -some as structural material -moosaccharides, disaccharides polysaccharides |
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monosaccharides
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-monomer of a carbohydrate
-simple sugar conatains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio |
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general formula for a monosaccharide
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(CH20)n
the n is any whole number from 3 to 8 |
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the most common monosaccharides
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glucose, fructose,galactose
same molecular formula different structural formula the structural formula determines the slifhtly different properties |
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glucose
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main energy for cells
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fructose
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found in fruies and is rhe sweetest of the monosaccharides
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galactose
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found in milk
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isomers
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compounds with a single chemical formula but different structural forms
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dissaccharide
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two momosaccharides coan comvine in a condensarion reaaction to form a double sugar
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polysaccharide
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complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides
ie glycogen |
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glycogen
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animals store glucose in this polysaccharide
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proteins
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-organic compounds mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
-formed from the linkage of monomers organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acid and a principal component of all cells -skin, bones muscles are made of protein and enzymes |
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amino acid
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an organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino grop and that makes up proteins, a protein monomer
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peptide bond
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when two amino acids bond to form a dipeptide
two amino acids form a covalent bond called a peptide release a water molecule |
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polypeptides
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amino acids often form very long chains
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enzymes
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RNA or protein molecule that act as biological catalysts
remains unchanged so it can be used many times essential for the function of cell many enzymes are proteins |
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substrate
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reactant being catalyzed
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Enzyme reactions
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the reaction depends on a physical fit between the enzyme molecule and the reactant
the enzyme has a fold to fit into the active site |
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active site
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-folds on the enzyme
-shape which allows the substrate to fit into the site |
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enzymes
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substrate
active site |
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lipids
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large
nonpolar organic molecule nonsoluble in water store more energy per gram because they have larger number of carbon-hydorgen bonds |
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fatty acids
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unbranched carbon chains
make up most lipids |
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hydrophylic
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attracted to water molecules
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hydrophobic
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water fearing
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triglycerides
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fats
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phosholipids
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two ftty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
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waxes
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type of structural lipid consist of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain
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steroid
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MOST lipids are composed of fatty acids
these are composed of four fused carvon rings with functional grops attachrd to them |
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DNA
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contains information that determines the characteristics of an organism and directs cell activities
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RNA
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stores and transfers information from DNA that is essential for the manufacturing protein
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