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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lymphocytes include:
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Include T and B-lymphocytes
Also NK cells |
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Lymphocytes in Chronic inflammation:
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Arrive approximately 5 days post injury
Prominent in chronic inflammation Essential 4 normal tissue repair Enhance macrophage function |
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Lymphocytes can be associated with:
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repetitive microtrauma, autoimmune responses, chronic conditions
**Does not have the cardinal signs of inflammation |
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Histamine:
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vasodilation, exudate formation, itching, capillary premablity
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Kinin (Bradykinin Etc.)
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vasodilate, form pain, exudate formation
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Prostaglandin:
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sensitize blood vessels to inflammatory mediators and nocirecptors
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Complement:
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Kills cell lyosis, non-specific, and specific , enhances defense
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The Four Components of Repair Phase are:
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1. Granulation
2. Fibroplasia 3. Angiogenesis 4. Re-epithelialization |
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Granulation present indicates:
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"normal" healing
**Named for its cobbled appearance** |
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Fibroplasia are:
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Fibroblasts drawn to wound from dermis by cytokines
Fibroblasts then change into myofibroblasts As new blood vessels are produced myofibroblast production slows |
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Angiogenesis occurs by:
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1. Sprouting of new pathway
2. Anastomosis with new and existing vascular paths A response to: Hypoxic environment Free edge effect Cytokines: platelets etc. |
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Re-epithlization is important for:
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providing barriers to infection and to decrease fluid loss
**Concurrent with the formation of granulation tissue |
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Fibroplasia have:
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Collagen (Type III) present in wound as soon as 2 days!!
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Ground substance is:
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Gelled material that forms the extracellular matrix &
Facilitates fibroblast production & absorbs large amounts of water **ADDS FLEXIBILITY** |
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Angiogenesis is a response to:
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1. Hypoxic environment
2. Free edge effect (wound is present) 3. Cytokines: platelets etc. |
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Cellular Production is:
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Contact inhibition is mediated by cytokines known as chalones
**NEED TO HAVE FREE EDGE EFFECT TO KNOW IT NEEDS TO OCCUR** |
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Migration is the:
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Process of cell movement from periphery to center &
occurs over granulation tissue |
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3 stages of remodeling phase is:
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1. Collagen conversion
2. Wound contraction 3. Scar formation |
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Remodeling Phase is the:
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Balance between tissue synthesis & degradation
**want both to occur |
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Key Point to Collagen Conversion is that:
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Oxygen is necessary for collagen cross-linking to occur
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Wound Contraction is:
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Process that closes wound after tissue loss
*Myofibroblasts connect with fibronectin which then connect with collagen fibers Actin in the cytoplasm draws the collagen closer together |
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Wound Contraction results in:
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faster healing since it decreases the amount of tissue that must be repaired & remodeled
Contraction decreases the size of full-thickness wounds by 40% & is associated with concurrent scarring |
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Scar Formation has four stages, what are they?
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Stage 1-4
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Stage 1 of scar formation is:
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2-4 days post injury
Type III collagen Prone to tear |
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Stage 2 of scar formation is:
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5-21 days post injury
Type III converted to type I collagen Less likely to tear Most receptive to intervention |
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Stage 3 of scar formation is:
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21-60 days post injury
More fibrous and strong Decreased response to intervention |
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Stage 4 of scar formation is:
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60 days on post injury
Scar maturation Final appearance Unresponsive to treatment, surgical intervention considered |
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What kind of scar is this?
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Hypertrophic scar
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What kind of scar is this?
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Keloid Scar
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Keloid scars are:
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Typically extend outside of wound bed
Seen typically in Asian and African populations |
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Hypertrophic scars:
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Do not extend outside of wound bed
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Type III is gradually lysed by collagenase and converted to Type I in what length of time:
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300 days
**The stimulus for this conversion is stress and strain Ex. Tension, compression |
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In collagen conversion, Type III converted to:
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Type I
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Type III is synthesized during the first:
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48-72 hours
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Collagen Conversion tissue breaks strength to pre wound values by:
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20% by third week prior to being damaged
70-80% in several months down the road |