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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Lymphocytes include:
Include T and B-lymphocytes

Also NK cells
Lymphocytes in Chronic inflammation:
Arrive approximately 5 days post injury
Prominent in chronic inflammation
Essential 4 normal tissue repair
Enhance macrophage function
Lymphocytes can be associated with:
repetitive microtrauma, autoimmune responses, chronic conditions

**Does not have the cardinal signs of inflammation
Histamine:
vasodilation, exudate formation, itching, capillary premablity
Kinin (Bradykinin Etc.)
vasodilate, form pain, exudate formation
Prostaglandin:
sensitize blood vessels to inflammatory mediators and nocirecptors
Complement:
Kills cell lyosis, non-specific, and specific , enhances defense
The Four Components of Repair Phase are:
1. Granulation
2. Fibroplasia
3. Angiogenesis
4. Re-epithelialization
Granulation present indicates:
Granulation present indicates:
"normal" healing

**Named for its cobbled appearance**
Fibroplasia are:
Fibroblasts drawn to wound from dermis by cytokines

Fibroblasts then change into myofibroblasts

As new blood vessels are produced myofibroblast production slows
Angiogenesis occurs by:
1. Sprouting of new pathway
2. Anastomosis with new and existing vascular paths

A response to:
Hypoxic environment
Free edge effect
Cytokines: platelets etc.
Re-epithlization is important for:
providing barriers to infection and to decrease fluid loss

**Concurrent with the formation of granulation tissue
Fibroplasia have:
Collagen (Type III) present in wound as soon as 2 days!!
Ground substance is:
Gelled material that forms the extracellular matrix &
Facilitates fibroblast production & absorbs large amounts of water

**ADDS FLEXIBILITY**
Angiogenesis is a response to:
1. Hypoxic environment
2. Free edge effect (wound is present)
3. Cytokines: platelets etc.
Cellular Production is:
Contact inhibition is mediated by cytokines known as chalones

**NEED TO HAVE FREE EDGE EFFECT TO KNOW IT NEEDS TO OCCUR**
Migration is the:
Process of cell movement from periphery to center &
occurs over granulation tissue
3 stages of remodeling phase is:
1. Collagen conversion
2. Wound contraction
3. Scar formation
Remodeling Phase is the:
Balance between tissue synthesis & degradation

**want both to occur
Key Point to Collagen Conversion is that:
Oxygen is necessary for collagen cross-linking to occur
Wound Contraction is:
Process that closes wound after tissue loss
*Myofibroblasts connect with fibronectin
which then connect with collagen fibers

Actin in the cytoplasm draws the collagen closer together
Wound Contraction results in:
faster healing since it decreases the amount of tissue that must be repaired & remodeled

Contraction decreases the size of full-thickness wounds by 40% & is associated with concurrent scarring
Scar Formation has four stages, what are they?
Stage 1-4
Stage 1 of scar formation is:
2-4 days post injury
Type III collagen
Prone to tear
Stage 2 of scar formation is:
5-21 days post injury
Type III converted to type I collagen
Less likely to tear
Most receptive to intervention
Stage 3 of scar formation is:
21-60 days post injury
More fibrous and strong
Decreased response to intervention
Stage 4 of scar formation is:
60 days on post injury
Scar maturation
Final appearance
Unresponsive to treatment, surgical intervention considered
What kind of scar is this?
What kind of scar is this?
Hypertrophic scar
What kind of scar is this?
What kind of scar is this?
Keloid Scar
Keloid scars are:
Typically extend outside of wound bed

Seen typically in Asian and African populations
Hypertrophic scars:
Do not extend outside of wound bed
Type III is gradually lysed by collagenase and converted to Type I in what length of time:
300 days

**The stimulus for this conversion is stress and strain
Ex. Tension, compression
In collagen conversion, Type III converted to:
Type I
Type III is synthesized during the first:
48-72 hours
Collagen Conversion tissue breaks strength to pre wound values by:
20% by third week prior to being damaged

70-80% in several months down the road