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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some typical CLIA-waived tests?
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URINE: dipstick, tablets, pregnancy, chem. analyzer
BLOOD: ESR, hemoglobin, hematocrit, BG, hemacue OTHER: cholesterol, streptococcus, fecal occult, rapid strep test, saliva alcohol |
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What is QA?
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Quality assurance
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What does QA do?
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Program for lab testing designed to monitor/evaluate the quality and accuracy of the test results.
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What is the longest objective that allows for the most detail on a microscope?
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Oil-immersion lens
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What is the total magnification for a Oil-immersion lens?
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100x=1000x
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What do you use to clean all lenses?
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Lens paper
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How do you clean the lenses?
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Wipe the occular lens first, then the objectives, and the oil-immersion objective last.
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What is a centrifuge?
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A machine that separates solid(semi-solid) material from liquid by forced gravity(centrifugal force) at a high speed.
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What goes to the top of the tube?
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Plasma
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What can the centrifuge separate?
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solutes from urine, serum/plasma from blood cells
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Tubes placed in the centrifuge must always be?
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counterbalanced
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How do you counterbalance a centrifuge?
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place a tube directly across from specimen with the same size, shape and equal amount of fluid.
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What kind of lab test are performed in Chemistry?
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Tests performed on a patient's serum, plasma, urine, spinal fluid, or other bodily fluids.
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What kind of lab tests are performed in Hematology?
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Tests that assess the formed elements of whole blood, and counting the number of WBC's, RBC's, and platelets in a blood sample.
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What kind of lab tests are performed in Serology?
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Tests performed to study the body's immune response by detecting antibodies in the serum.
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What kind of lab tests are performed in Urinalysis?
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Studies the physical, chemical, and microscopic structure of urine.
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What is the MA's responsibilities when it comes to any special requirements?
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To explain to the patient about fasting, withholding meds, before collection of the specimen, and to schedule the testing early enough that the patient can carry them out in time.
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When explaining fasting to a patient what must the MA explain?
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That refraining from eating and drinking will prevent the results from being altered by certain foods and excess water or fluid.
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What don't you record on a requisition form?
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Lab results
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What do you record on a requisition form?
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Physician's name, address, tests ordered, and the patients insurance info.
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What may the MA be required to do with the test results?
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Review them, notify the Dr. of abnormal findings, Dr. reviews report, file them in the patients medical record.
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How do you collect a throat culture?
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using a Dacron swab, swab the posterior pharyngeal and tonsillar area's.
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What does the throat culture tested for?
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A rapid screening test to detect the presence of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
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When does the MA give the patient the lab result's?
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NEVER!! Unless by the Dr. orders
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What can a urinalysis detect?
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Diseases of the kidney, other diseased states of the body systems, and UTI.
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What don't a urinalysis detect?
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Downs syndrome, dwarfism, or other birth defects.
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How do you instruct the patient to do a mid-stream clean catch specimen?
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Clean thoroughly with the wipes, start urinating stop, start and place specimen cup under stream, fill cup 3/4 full, then finish urinating into the toilet.
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What do you remind the patient of when doing a 24 hour urine specimen?
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To discard the first morning specimen, but to chart down the time it occurred.
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What is the procedural step for transferring a pediatric urine specimen?
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Transfer the specimen into a sterile specimen container, and close the lid tightly.
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What does The Chain of Custody regulations describe?
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how the evidence (specimen), is to be collected and handled. For use in a court of law.
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What do you avoid when performing a capillary puncture?
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Squeezing the surrounding area of the puncture(hemolysis), puncturing a cold appendage (warm area by milking), puncturing scarred or callused areas, puncturing an edematous or cyanotic area.
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What is a Lancet?
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A small sterile, needle-like piece of metal used to make a small puncture in skin, made to penetrate various depths depending on the type of patient.
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What is 1 in the order of draw?
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Yellow
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What is 2 in the order of draw?
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Light Blue
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What is 3 in the order of draw?
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Red
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What is 4 in the order of draw?
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Red/Gray, marbled
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What is 5 in the order of draw?
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Light green
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What is 6 in the order of draw?
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Green
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What is 7 in the order of draw?
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Lavender
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What is 8 in the order of draw?
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Gray
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What additive is in the Red Tube, and what is the lab use?
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None, used for serum testing, blood bank, serology, and chem tests.
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What additive is in the Red/Gray, marbled Tube, and what is the lab use?
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None except silica particles to enhance clot formation, serum testing
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What additive is in the Light blue Tube, and what is the lab use?
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Sodium citrate removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting, Coagulation testing.
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What additive is in the Lavender Tube, and what is the lab use?
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EDTA removes calcium to prevent blood from clotting, Hematology testing (CBC).
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Where do you apply the tourniquet?
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3-4 inches above the elbow, tight but not too tight!
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When do you remove the tourniquet?
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While the last tube is filling with blood.
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How many attempts does an MA make for Venipuncture?
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2, then you notify the physician or locate a co-worker.
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What is CLIA 88?
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Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988: to establish minimum quality standards for laboratory testing.
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What are CLIA-waived tests?
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These tests are simple and have minimal risk for error.
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First morning specimen:
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Usually more concentrated due to being in the bladder overnight.
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What does a sweet smelling/fruity odor signify?
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uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
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What do Reagent strips detect?
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Both the presence and approximate amount of these substances in the urine
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What do Reagent tablets detect?
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The presence of a particular substance and not it's quantity.
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What do you check for quality control in reagent strips?
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Expiration date, keep strips in original container with lid on tight to prevent exposure to light and precipitation, using a fresh specimen.
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How do you use a reagent strip?
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Dip strip into fresh urine specimen wetting all pads, remove immediately, and remove excess urine by dragging or tapping on the edge of the container.
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Bilirubin in the urine is a clear sign of what?
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Liver or biliary tract dysfunction or diseases
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What are the three Confirmatory tests for reagent tablets?
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Clinitest:Glucose Acetest:Keytones Ictotest:Bilirubin
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What is the top liquid portion of the Urine?
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Supernatant, the remaining sediment is examined under the microscope.
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What is Hemoglobin?
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Hb is the component that gives RBC's their color, carries oxygen to tissues and transports CO2 to the lungs, Oxygen-carrying capacity
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What is the top layer of an tube of blood?
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Plasma: unclotted whole blood
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What is the Middle layer of a tube of blood?
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Buffy layer: WBC's and platelets
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What is the bottom layer of a tube of blood?
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Packed RBC's: settle to bottom because they are heavier than other cells.
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A patient's Hct should be approximately what?
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3 times a Hb
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ESR?
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: non-specific screening test that confirms an inflammation is present somewhere, measures how fast the RBC's settle to the bottom of the tube. Normal range 1mm/5min
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What do you do with the 1st drop of blood from a capillary puncture?
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wipe it away
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HDL?
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High density lipoprotein: Good cholesterol
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What is the primary use for cholesterol testing?
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screen for high levels of blood cholesterol related to heart disease. Used to monitor liver and thyroid function.
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What does the 2 hour Postprandial test screen for?
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Diabetes mellitus, and to monitor the effects of the pt's insulin regimen.
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What is a GTT?
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Glucose tolerance test checks the patient's ability to metabolize glucose, is a timed test
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How often do you test specimen's for a GTT?
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30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours.
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What does the glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) test monitor?
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Diabetes treatment and control by measuring the amount of hemoglobin A1c in the blood. because the average life span of RBC is 120 days, GHb can be measured and an average glucose level obtained for the past 3 months.
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What is Serology?
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The laboratory study of blood serum for signs of antibodies produced by the antigen-antibody reaction.
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What is needed for a positive reaction?
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Must be viewable and measurable
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What is Agglutination?
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Clumping: The antigen attracts the antibodies to it like a magnet
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What is color change?
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Based on the use of an enzyme to test.
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What are the viewable reactions?
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Agglutination, color change, precipitation, and lysis.
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