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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the _____ is responsible for amino acid metabolism
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liver
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what is glycogenesis
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conversion of glucose into complex sugar for storage
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_________ is the complex sugar stored in the liver for when sugar is extremely low
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glycogen
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when the liver breaks glycogen into glucose and releases it into the blood it is called what
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glycogenolysis
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Phagocytosis, phagocytosis, detoxification and storage of vital nutrients are done by
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liver
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located on the underside of and connected to the liver is the what
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gallbladder
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where is the cystic duct
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connecting the gallbladder to the liver
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where is the common bile duct located
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at the joint of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct
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when does the gallbladder release bile
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when chime with fat contents are detected in the chyme in the duodenum
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what is the route of bile
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from the cystic duct to the common duct to the duodenum
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why is bile important
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it helps to emulsify fats
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where is the pancreas located
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upper left quadrant behind the stomah
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what is the exocrine function of the pancreas
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manufacture trypsin for protein breakdownm pancreatic lipase for fat breakdown, pancreatic amylase for carb breakdown and sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acidic stomach contents
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where is the main pancreatic duct
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extends the length of the pancrease
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endocrine functions of the pancreas
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manufacture insulin
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what is the function of insulin
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to make it possible for glucose to bass from blood through cell membranes to be used for energy and to promote conversion of glucose into glycogen
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glucagon is what
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a hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose when the body needs it
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which cells secrete insulin
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alpha cells
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baby teeth are also called primary teeth and _________ _____
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deciduous teeth
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how many deciduous teeth do humans have
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10 on top and 10 on bottom
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secondary teeth are also
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permanent teeth
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there are ____ top and ___ bottom secondary teeth
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16 16
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chisel shaped with sharp edges for biting
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incisors
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single poin useful for grasping and tearing food
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canine or cuspid
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flat surfaces with multiple cusps for crushing and grinding food
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bicuspids (premolars) and molars
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name the parts of the tooth
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crown, enamel, neck, root, root canal, dentin, and cementum
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the _____ is the visible part of the tooth which is covered by ______, the hardest substance in the body
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crown, enamel
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where is the neck of the tooth located
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just below the gumline
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which part of the tooth is embeded in the jaw bone
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root
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the central core is also called the pulp cavity
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root canal
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the bulk of the tooth is
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dentin
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the neck and root areas are surrounded by a thin hardened connective tissue called
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cementum
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amyl/o
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starch
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-ase
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enzyme
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-us
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noun ending
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lith/o
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stone, calculus
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-iasis
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presence of abnormal condition
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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-um
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noun ending
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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-us
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noun ending
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gastr/o
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stomach
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enter/o
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small intestine
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-logist
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one who specializes in the study of
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gingiv/o
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gums
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-a
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noun ending
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gluc/o
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sugar, sweet
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-gen
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that which generates
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-genesis
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the production or formation of
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-lysis
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destruction or detatchment
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hepat/o
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liver
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cyt/o
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cell
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-e
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noun ending
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ile/o
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ileum
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jejun/o
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jejunum
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lip/o
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fat
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-ase
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enzyme
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cardi/o
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heart
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-ac
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pertaining to
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or/o
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mouth
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pharyng/o
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pharynx
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rect/o
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rectum
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append/o
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appendix
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appendic/o
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appendix
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bil/i
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bile
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bucc/o
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cheek
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cec/o
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cecum
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celi/o
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pertaining to the abdomen
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-cemtesos
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surgical puncture
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cheil/o
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lips
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cholecyst/o
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gallbladder
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cirrh/o
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yellow, tawny
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col/o
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colon
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colon/o
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colon
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dent/o
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tooth
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-ectasia
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stretching or dialation
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-emesis
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to vomit
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enter/o
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intestine
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gloss/o
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tongue
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lapar/o
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abdominal wall
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lingu/o
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tongue
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lith/o
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stone;calculus
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mandibul/o
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mandible
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odont/o
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teeth
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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-pepsia
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state of digestion
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-phagia
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to eat
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peritone/o
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peritoneum
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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proct/o
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anus or rectum
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-rrhagia
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excessive flow or discharge
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-rrhaphy
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suturing
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sial/o
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salivary gland; saliva
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sigmoin/o
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sigmoid colon
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-spasm
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twitching; involuntary contraction
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steat/o
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fat
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stomat/o
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mouth
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-tresia
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perforation
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-tripsy
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intentional crushing
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absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juices
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achlorhydria
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inability to eat
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anorexia
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loss of the ability to swallow
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aphagia
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavith; contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes
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ascites
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rumbling, gurgling and tinkling noises heard when listening to the abdomin with a stethascope
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borborygmus
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uncomfortable feeling of fullness, heartburn, bloating, and nausea
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dyspepsia
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difficulty swallowing commonly associated with obstructive or motor disorders of the esophagus
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dysphagia
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excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
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emaciation
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vomiting
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emesis
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belching
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eructation
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passing gas through the rectum
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flatus or flatulence
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backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus that is often the result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter
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gastroesophageal lreflux
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jaundice
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icterus
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abnormal, black, tarry stool containing digested blood
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melena
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unpleasant sensation leading to the urge to vomit
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nausea
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common chronic condition of itching or the skin around the anus
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pruritus ani
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greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces characterized by frothy foul-smelling fecal matter that floats as in celia disease
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steatorrhea
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vomit
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to expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out of the mouth
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decrease mobitlity of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus along with constriction of the lower esophagus
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achalasia
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an abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus usually connecting with the rectum; may occur as a result of a draining abscess
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anal fistula
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noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring on the lips, tongue and inside the mouth; also called canker sores
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aphthous stomatitis
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nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa; occurs because of ingestion of gluten-containing foods
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celiac disease
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clinical manifestations of gluten-sensitive disease of the small intestine, when untreated, include steatorrhea, abdominal distension, and a malnourished appearance
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celiac disease
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indicates a large number of polyps in the large bowel
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chronic polyposis
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small growth projecting from a mucous membrane
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polyp
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disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative causing injury to the hepatocytes
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cirrhosis
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presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine
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colorectal cancer
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risk factors including the ingestion of a high-fat, low-residue diet that is high in refined foods, a history of crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, ibs, or familial polyposis
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colorectal cancer
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digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia
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crohns disease
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tooth decay caused by acid-forming microorganisms
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dental caries
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