Mod 15 Musculoskeletal System Study Guide

Front 1

How many bones in the body?

Back 1

206

Front 2

Bone Functions (5)

Back 2

1. Support (framework)
2. Protection
3. Storage
4. Makes Blood
5. Movement

Front 3

periosteum

Back 3

outer layer/covering of a bone

Front 4

epiphysis

Back 4

ends of the bone

Front 5

diaphysis

Back 5

main part/shaft of bone

Front 6

bone marrow

Back 6

makes red blood cell

Front 7

foramen

Back 7

opening in the bone
hole

Front 8

zygomatic

Back 8

cheek bone

Front 9

maxillary

Back 9

upper jaw bone

Front 10

mandible

Back 10

lower jaw bone

Front 11

ribs/costals

Back 11

12 attached to vertrabae. 1-7 attach to sternum (true ribs). 8-10 attach to cartilage of the sternum (false ribs) 11-12 are floating

Front 12

sternum

Back 12

breast bone

Front 13

manubrium

Back 13

top of sternum

Front 14

xiphoid

Back 14

bottom of sternum

Front 15

clavicle

Back 15

collar bone

Front 16

scapula

Back 16

shoulder blade

Front 17

acromion

Back 17

tip of the shoulder

Front 18

humerus

Back 18

upper arm bone

Front 19

radius

Back 19

lower arm/thumb side

Front 20

ulna

Back 20

lower arm/pinky side

Front 21

olecranon

Back 21

elbow

Front 22

carpals

Back 22

wrist

Front 23

metacarpals

Back 23

handbones

Front 24

phalanges

Back 24

fingers
-distal farther from hand
-medial middle
-proximal close to hand

Front 25

acetabulum

Back 25

hip socket

Front 26

femur

Back 26

upper leg bone

Front 27

trochanter

Back 27

knobs or projections on femur

Front 28

patella

Back 28

kneecap

Front 29

popliteal

Back 29

back of knee

Front 30

tibia

Back 30

big lower leg bone/shin bone

Front 31

fibula

Back 31

smaller lower leg bone

Front 32

tarsals

Back 32

ankle

Front 33

malleolus

Back 33

projections/know on ankle

Front 34

calcaneal

Back 34

heal

Front 35

metatarsals

Back 35

bones of feet

Front 36

phalanges

Back 36

toes
distal/medical/proximal

Front 37

lamina

Back 37

part of the vertebrae

Front 38

pelvic girlde

Back 38

ilium
ischium
pubis

Front 39

bone processes

Back 39

knob/sticks out
* areas extend OUT from bones & serve as attachment points for muscles, tendons, & ligaments

Front 40

depression

Back 40

hole

Front 41

striated/skeletal

Back 41

voluntary

Front 42

smooth/visceral

Back 42

involuntary

Front 43

cardiac

Back 43

heart muscle/looks like striated but acts like smooth

Front 44

fascia

Back 44

covering on a muscle

Front 45

tendon

Back 45

muscles to bones

Front 46

ligaments

Back 46

bones to bones
* fibrous tissues

Front 47

aponeurosis

Back 47

large tendon

Front 48

flexor

Back 48

bend

Front 49

extensor

Back 49

straight

Front 50

pectoral

Back 50

chest

Front 51

rectus

Back 51

up & down

Front 52

oblique

Back 52

at an angle

Front 53

transverse

Back 53

across

Front 54

sphincter

Back 54

ring of muscles

Front 55

biceps

Back 55

2

Front 56

triceps

Back 56

3

Front 57

quadriceps

Back 57

4

Front 58

maximus

Back 58

large

Front 59

minimus

Back 59

small

Front 60

deltoid

Back 60

triangle

Front 61

levator

Back 61

up (mouth)

Front 62

depressor

Back 62

down (mouth)

Front 63

Joints

Back 63

bones joining together

Front 64

articulations

Back 64

medical term for joints

Front 65

suture

Back 65

not movable (skull)
immovable joints between bones of skull

Front 66

synovial

Back 66

are moveable

Front 67

ball & socket

Back 67

goes both ways (shoulder & hip)

Front 68

hinge

Back 68

one way (elbow & knee)

Front 69

bursa

Back 69

sac of fluid

Front 70

meniscus

Back 70

cartilage of the knee
crescent shaped

Front 71

fracture

Back 71

broken bones

Front 72

closed/simple

Back 72

bone broke but does not go thru the skin

Front 73

open/compound

Back 73

bone broke & goes thru skin

Front 74

comminuted

Back 74

shatters/ in pieces

Front 75

impacted

Back 75

one bone shoves into another

Front 76

greenstick

Back 76

break on on side & BENDS on the other

Front 77

hairline

Back 77

incomplete

Front 78

pathological

Back 78

caused by a disease (fracture)

Front 79

Colles

Back 79

wrist

Front 80

reduction

Back 80

treatment for fractures

Front 81

closed

Back 81

no surgery

Front 82

open

Back 82

is surgery

Front 83

Open Reduction
-Internal Fixation

Back 83

hardware (pins, nails & plates) to keep the bones together (inside)

Front 84

Open Reduction
-External Fixation

Back 84

Hardware is outside

Front 85

osteoporosis

Back 85

porous bone

Front 86

scoliosis

Back 86

crooked/bent

Front 87

kyphosis

Back 87

hump

Front 88

lordosis

Back 88

swayback

Front 89

spinal bifida

Back 89

vertebrael column did not join

Front 90

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 90

inflammation of joint affects everything

Front 91

osteoarthritis

Back 91

inflammation of bone & joint

Front 92

gout

Back 92

too much uric acid

Front 93

Ewing's Sarcoma

Back 93

Bone Cancer

Front 94

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 94

wrist, pinched nerve

Front 95

ergonomics

Back 95

making work place better (computer keyboard, furniture, and breaks)

Front 96

crepitation

Back 96

noise, cartilage rubbing together or bones

Front 97

electromyography (EMG)

Back 97

process of recording muscle elect.

Front 98

sprain

Back 98

injury

Front 99

strain

Back 99

over use of a muscle

Front 100

talipes

Back 100

any deformitiy of a foot

Front 101

arthroplasty

Back 101

knee/hip replacement

Front 102

IM

Back 102

intramuscular

Front 103

AE

Back 103

above elbow

Front 104

AK

Back 104

above knee

Front 105

BE

Back 105

below elbow

Front 106

BK

Back 106

below knee

Front 107

C

Back 107

Cervical ex. C1,C2,C3....

Front 108

Fx

Back 108

fracture

Front 109

HNP

Back 109

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus/ herniated disk

Front 110

L

Back 110

Lumbar

Front 111

RA

Back 111

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 112

T

Back 112

Thoracic

Front 113

internal movement

Back 113

involves contraction & relaxation of muscles in viscera (internal organs)

Front 114

external movement

Back 114

involves contraction & relaxation of muscles that are attached to the bones

Front 115

oste/o

Back 115

bones - assist body in movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles

Front 116

my/o muscul/o

Back 116

muscles - bands of strong tissue that are responsible for movement

Front 117

hematopoiesis

Back 117

formation of all types of blood cells in bone marrow

Front 118

Orthopedics abbr ortho

Back 118

branch of medicine concerned w/ preserving & restoring function of skeletal system
Orthopedist - corrects deformities in children, bones more pliable

Front 119

Rheumatologists

Back 119

physicians specialize in nonsurgical treatment of joint problems

Front 120

Physiatrist

Back 120

physician focuses on rehabilitation of muscles, nerves, & bones after trauma or disease

Front 121

Chiropractor

Back 121

practitioner who uses spinal manipulation to treat musculoskeletal & nervous system conditions

Front 122

physical therapist

Back 122

practitioner who uses exercises to improve mobility & function

Front 123

Occupational therapist

Back 123

practitioner who helps patients perform ADLs

Front 124

osseous tissue

Back 124

bone composed of dense, hard connective tissue, osseous means bony

Front 125

osteocytes

Back 125

bone cells

Front 126

collagen

Back 126

dense connective tissue strands

Front 127

chondr/o

Back 127

cartilage, osseous tissue w/o calcium salts

Front 128

osteoblasts

Back 128

* immature bone cells
* smaller
* produce bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification
* produce enzyme that causes formation of calcium phosphate that makes bone tissues hard (ossified)
* they require calcium, phosphorus (P), & vitamin D

Front 129

ossification

Back 129

process of bone formation

Front 130

osteoclasts

Back 130

* large cells
* function to reabsorb or digest bony tissue
* -clast = to break
* aka bone phagocytes, b/c they digest (phag/o) bone tissue from inner sides of bones

Front 131

long bones

Back 131

found in legs & arms

Front 132

short bones

Back 132

found in wrists & ankles

Front 133

flat bones

Back 133

cover soft body parts
examples: shoulder bade, ribs, pelvic bones

Front 134

irregular bones

Back 134

often clustered in groups
example: vertebral bones that form the spine
Unique irregular bones called sesamoid bones, they are small rounded bones found near any joint

Front 135

compact bone

Back 135

* just below periosteum
* hardest, densest layer
* contains blood vessels that deliver oxygen & nutrients to bone while removing waste products like carbon dioxide

Front 136

Haversian canals

Back 136

channels w/in compact bone

Front 137

medullary cavity

Back 137

* within compact bone
* contains yellow bone marrow, consists mainly of fat cells, which are yellow

Front 138

trabeculae

Back 138

* inner layer of cancellous bone
* porous w/ spongy latticework of seperated bony fibers
* contains the red bone marrow, rich n blood & both mature & immature blood cells

Front 139

carpal bossing

Back 139

* condition causes bony lump on back of hand
* occurs at point where the long hand bones & small wrist bones meet
* due to bone growth at base of metacarpal bones of hand

Front 140

tendons

Back 140

fibrous connective tissues that connect muscles & bones

Front 141

bone head

Back 141

* most general type of bone process
* rounded bone end separated from body of bone by neck

Front 142

tuberosity or tubercle

Back 142

large protuberance on bone where muscles or tendons attach

Front 143

condyle

Back 143

rounded, knuckle-like joint

Front 144

epicondyle

Back 144

small, rounded process above (epi-) a condyle

Front 145

foramen magnum

Back 145

opening of occipital bone which spinal cord passes

Front 146

sinus

Back 146

hollow cavity w/in a bone

Front 147

fissure

Back 147

narrower & deeper, creating slit

Front 148

axial skeleton

Back 148

consists of skull, spinal column, ribs, sternum

Front 149

appendicular skeleton

Back 149

consists of shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle

Front 150

crani/o

Back 150

cranium

Front 151

pariet/o

Back 151

parietal bones
one on each side of head
form roof & upper sides of cranium

Front 152

frontal bone

Back 152

forms forehead & roof over eye sockets

Front 153

sphenoid bone

Back 153

forms part of floor & walls of eye sockets
extending to form part of base of skull as well

Front 154

cella turcica

Back 154

depression in superior surface
hold pituitary gland

Front 155

ethmoid bone

Back 155

thin, delicate bone supports nasal cavity & forms part of sockets of eyes