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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is IP SAN?
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A Storage Area Network that uses Internet Protocol for the transport of block-level data. |
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Uses for IP-based protocols for communication
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Fibre Channel over IP (FCIP) |
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What does FC SAN provide?
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Scalability |
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Drivers for IP SAN
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- IP network extends or connects SANS over long distances - Many long distance disaster recovery solutions already leverage IP-based network - Many robust and mature security options are available |
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What is iSCSI?
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Encapsulation of SCSI I/O over IP |
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Pros of iSCSI
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- Easy to Implement, especially where environments where FC SAN doesn't exist. |
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Components of iSCSI Network
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- iSCSI targets (iSCSI targets) - IP-based network (Ethernet LAN) iSCSI initiator sends commends and associated data to a target and the target returns data and responses to the initiator. |
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Types of ISCSI Initiators
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- Software (Standard NIC with software iSCSI adapter) -TOE (TCP Offload Enginer (TOE) NIC with software iSCSI adapater - iSCSI HBA |
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Software (Standard NIC with software iSCSI adapter) |
CHEAP - An operating system (OS) or hypervisor-kernel resident software that uses an existing NIC of the compute system to emulate an iSCSI initiator. Easy to implement most compute systems have embedded NICs. |
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TOE (TCP Offload Engine (TOE) NIC with software iSCSI adapter |
- TOE NIC performs TCP/IP processing - Software adapter provides iSCSI functionality - iSCSI processing requires CPU cycles of compute system |
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iSCSI HBA |
- Performs both iSCSI and TCP/IP processing - Frees-up CPU cycles of compute system for business application (Boot From SAN) Expensive, but does everything |
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Native iSCSI
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ALL Ethernet, IP connected from Initiator to Target |
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Bridged iSCSI |
Allows the initiators to exist in an IP environment while the storage systems remain in an FC SAN environment. - Gateway or a multiprotocol must be used. |
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A Storage system with FC and Native iSCSI Connectivity
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- No bridge device is needed |
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iSCSI Protocol Stack (The encapsulation order of the SCSI commands for delivery through the physical carrier) |
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Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model Layers
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Layer 5- Session, iSCSI, Login and Discovery Layer 4- Transport, TCP- Windows and Segments Layer 3- Network, IP- Packets Layer 2- Data Link, Ethernet- Frames |
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iSCSI Address
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-Combination of IP address and TCP port number |
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iSCSI name
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Most common--IQN: iSCSI Qualified Name Other types: EUI--> Extended unique identifier NAA--> Network Address Autority |
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How does ISCSI discovery commonly take place? (two ways)
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Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS) |
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SendTargets Discovery
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Initiator issues a SendTarget Command, and the target network portal responds with a location and name of the target. |
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iSNS (Internet Storage Name Service)
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The initiators and targets can be configured to automatically register themselves with the iSNS serve. - When an initiator wants to know the target, it queries the iSNS server for a list of available targets. - equivalent to the name server in FC SAN. |
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iSNS Discovery Domain
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Provide function grouping of devices (including initiators and targets) in an IP SAN.
- Functions the same way as FC zones |
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State Change notifications
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State Change notifications (SCNs) within Discovery Domain inform the registered devices about network events that affect the operational state of devices such as the addition or removal of devices from a discovery domain.
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Link Aggregation
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In an Ethernet network combines two or more parallel network links into a single logical link (port-channel) -Distribution of network traffic across the links to ensure link utilization. |
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Switch aggregation |
Combines two physical switches to make them appear as a single logical switch. |
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Self-forming network
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Allows an Ethernet switch to join an Ethernet network automatically. |
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Self-forming link aggregation
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Enables an Ethernet network to automatically include new interswitch links into a port-channel and redistributes network traffic among all the links in the port-channel. |
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vLan
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A logical network created on a LAN enabling communication between a group of nodes with a common set of functional requirements, independent of their physical location in the network. |
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Port-based technique
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When a node connects to a switch port that belongs to a VLAN, the node becomes a member of the VLAN. |
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MAC-based techniqie
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Membership in a VLAN is defined on the basis of the MAC address of the node. |
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Protocol-based technique
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Different VALNS are assigned to different protocols based on the protocol= type field found in OSI Layer 2. |
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IP subnet address-based technique
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Application-Based technique |
A specific application, ex- File transfer protocol application can be configured to execute on one VLAN. |
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VLAN Trunking
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Allows a single network link (Trunk link) to carry multiple VLAN Traffic |
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VLAN Tagging |
Inserting a 4-byte tag field containing 12-bit VLAN ID into the Ethernet frame before it is transmitted through a trunk link. |
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Stretched VLAN
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Enable movement of virtual machines between sites |
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Fibre Channel IP
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FC frames are encapsulated onto the IP payload and transported over an IP Network. |
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FCIP Tunneling Protocol
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FCIP entity such as an FCIP gateway or MP Switch is used to tunnel FC fabrics through an IP network. |
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FCIP
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REMOTE REPLACATION! |
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Remote Replications VMAX/ VNX |
VNX: Mirror View Recovery Point |
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FCIP Tunnel Configuration- Merged Fabric
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VE_Ports are used on both ends of the FCIP tunnel- establishes virtual ISLs through FCIP tunnel |
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FCIP Tunnel Configuration- Separate Fabric
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EX_Port on FCIP gateway (SWITCH) connects to E_Port of an FC switch. Enables FC-FC routing without merging fabrics. |
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FCIP Encapsulation
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