Mod 1 Exam 2

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Ebers Papyrus are the earliest written records written around 1500 B.C.

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Early tribes believed that bad spirits caused diseases

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Each tribe had a designated member who could understand and control bad spirits through plants and other natural materials

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Front 4

the science of drugs, organized pharmacy, and medicine had its beginnings in Babylonia

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Hippocrates was the 'Father of Medicine'

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Theophrastus was the "father of botany"

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Mithridates was the "father of toxicology"

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Dioscorides was the "father of pharmacology" and was the author of De Materia Medica

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after the fall of the Roman Empire one has to turn to the Arab World

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Front 10

The first pharmacy shop was in Baghdad

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Front 11

Holy Roman Emperor Fredrick II seperated pharmacy from medicine

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Front 12

Paraclesus was a Swiss-born physician who emphasized a chemical rather than botanical orientation

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the pharmacopeia became a regulatory tool used by the government to protect health through standardization of medicines

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Front 14

Benjamin Franklin started the first hospital in 1751

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Front 15

the first hospital pharmacist was Johnathan Roberts

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William Proctor became the "father of american pharmacy"

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Pharmacy began to develop in the new world in the 18th Century

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The major contribution of pharmacists to science was in the area of chemistry

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Front 19

greater wars and greater demands for medicine and medicinal procedures started the Industrial Revolution in Pharmacy

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Front 20

Retail pharmacy survived the growth of the pharmaceutical industry because:

1. It created new needs

2. proved to be indispensible and irreplacable

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Front 21

The Patient Care Era

1. Pharmaceutical moved from gut feelings to targeted approach

2. The development of new drugs to meet specific needs

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the patient advocacy role created an expectation for patients that the pharmacist will ensure achievement of the maximal outlook with harmful effects

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Front 23

C.D. Hepler established the concept of pharmaceutical care

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Insulin was produced through recombinant DNA technology

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Front 25

In the year 1993, 63% of women were enrolled in Pharmacy School

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Specialties in the pharmacy may include drug information

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Pharmacy Technicians help Pharmacist so they can do their job

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Roles of the Pharmacist:

1. Monitoring dosages

2. Assisting customers with OTC

3. Assisting in administration

4. Signing medical record entries

5. Offering Consultation

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Front 29

The core requirements included in the two-year associate degree program for Pharmacy Technicians include medical terminology

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Many clerical tasks that were previously preformed by Pharmacists are now being preformed by pharmacy techs

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pharmacists spend more time delivering pharmaceutical care services with the help of pharm techs

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Pharmacy technicians participate in inventory control and repackaging products

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most hospital pharm techs assist with preparing intravenous mixtures

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To become certified, you take the national exam called the PTCE

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For recertification, you must have 20 hours CE including 1 hour law

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the PTCE has 100 questions

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For the exam, you must score within a range of 300-900

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You must have a score of 650 to pass the PTCE

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Keeping up with the changes occurring rapidly within your profession is continuing education

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Front 40

The amount of medical knowledge is said to double every five years

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Control is eliminating or reducing potential harm of drugs being distributed

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the AACP represents the interests of pharmaceutical education and educators

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the AAPT represents pharm techs and certification of technicians

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The official publication of the PTEC is the Journal of American Pharmacy

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The USP sets standards for the identity, strength, quality, purity, packaging, and the labeling of drug products

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Basic principles that make up a code of ethics are Continuously improving levels of professional knowledge and skills

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Ancient Era

discovered plants could be used for murder

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Empiric Era

pharmacies started to develop in the New World

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Industrial Era

Medicines were beginning to be massed produced

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Patient Care Era

concept of pharmaceutical care was developed

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Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering

Drug products could be biologically prepared

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AACP

all 87 Pharmacy Schools

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AAPS

Pharmaceutical Scientist

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AAPT

promotes certification of Pharm Techs

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AACP

provides resources for clinical pharmacists

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ACPE

National Accrediting Agency

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APHA

Largest organization

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ASHP

pharmacist working in the hospital

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The Communication Cycle:

message

feedback

reciever`

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Front 60

Messages are sent through a variety of different channels

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The messages sent to the channels must be complete

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Front 62

verbal and nonverbal evidence that the message was understood is feedback

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Channel

upward (from employees to superiors)

*Pharmacy Techs to manager

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Front 64

When you communicate information to a patient or ask customers a question, always look for feedback

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Front 65

Written instructions is not a substitution for verbal instructions

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Front 66

Anglo-Saxon Americans tend to require more personal space

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An open posture position would be hands and arms at your sides

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Front 68

Ask questions that encourage specific detail relating to the information given

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Autonomy establishes a patient's right to his or her own good

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Positive communication is encouraging others to ask questions

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Front 71

Rationalization

everyone makes mistakes so its no big deal if its made once a day

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Apathy

patient loses wallet and you tell them you're too busy to listen

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Sarcasm

Someone keeps joking about a mistake made constantly with the manager around

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Denial

Someone keeps bragging about being punctual but has been written up 123 times for being puntcual

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Expressive Aphasia

A stroke patient cant talk so they write everything down

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Responding to a perceived threat or conflict in an immune way is called regression

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Shifting one's own unacceptable feeling onto another person is called projection

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Always try to avoid empty promises

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A lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern is apathy

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the use of sarcasm is hostile and cruel

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