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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Q. Please state your name for the court.
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A. Dr. Max EverHeart
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2. Q. Where did you attend college?
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A. I graduated from Rutgers- The State University of New Jersey in 1990 and in 1994 I graduated from Yale University School of medicine.
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3. Q. Where are you currently employed?
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A. I am employed at the Metropolitan Medical Center, an award winning teaching hospital.
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4. Q. What is your position at the Medical Center?
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A. I am currently the chief of Cardiology.
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5. Q. Please describe for the court the job of a cardiologist.
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A. A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in the medical evaluation and treatment of heart diseases.
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6. Q. Are you familiar with performance enhancing drugs.
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A. Yes
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7. Q. How?
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A. I have published scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals on the subject of the effects of hormones on cardiac functions. Additionally, I have self-Published a book on the subject, available on Amazon, and at medical bookstores everywhere.
I have attended and given presentations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), and I am spokesperson of the association. |
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8. What is Hemoglobin?
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Hemoglobin is an iron containing protein that binds oxygen in red blood cells.
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9. How much Hemoglobin does a normal person have?
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A healthy, normal man Hemoglobin level is usually at 14 grams per deciliter in his blood. However, a womans levels are usually 12 grams per deciliter. 13, 14, and 15 grams per deciliter in a female’s blood is starting to get high, although it is quite common for a normal woman to have that amount.
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10. How much Hemoglobin did Chris have in his/her blood?
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Chris had an alarmingly high level of 19 grams per Deciliter 5/7 whole grams above the norm! You can just think about what 5/7 extra grams of anything can do to your body.
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11. Q. How can one increase Hemoglobin?
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A. One way is called “blood doping”. “Blood Doping” is a long difficult process in which a person must harvest one’s own blood by phlebotomizing it from their body. Then, when needed, the blood is injected back into the body making the blood increase in hemoglobin. Another way to blood dope is by training at higher altitudes, which are lower in oxygen, causing the body to increase red blood cell production, toresulting in an increase of oxygen in the blood stream.
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12. Q. What does Phlebotomizing mean?
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A.To phlebotomize blood purely means to extract the blood from a person’s body.
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13 Q. What is EPO ?
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A. Erythropoietin is a natural hormone produced in the kidneys which helps regulate red blood cell count. It stimulates the bone marrow to make more red blood cells.
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14. Q. Would it be beneficial or detrimental to take EPO?
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A. There are both Positive and negative effects when taking EPO.
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15. Q. What are the positive effects?
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A. In the short term it will be beneficial because being injected with EPO more red blood cells would be created, increasing the oxygenation capacity, which improves physical capabilities.
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16. Q. What are the negative effects?
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A. In the long term it will be extremely detrimental because of the effects it can do on the heart.
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17. Q. How does EPO effect the heart?
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A. Unfortunately the additional blood cells in the blood makes the blood thicker, making it more difficult for the heart to pump because the blood cloggs up the arteries making it tough for oxygen to get to the heart. Aside from that initial problem, exeriseing extremely fast makes the heart work even harder creating the need for more oxygen which tires the heart and can cause a cardiac arrest, like in Chris’s case
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18. Q. Why are you sure that Chris’s increased RBC count was brought about through the injection of EPO?
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A. I’m sure because naturally occurring polycythemia is extremely atypical. Furthermore, Chris partook in none of the activities that usually lead to such a condition; like exercising at high altitude. In addition, throughout my professional experience there have been many athletes who were accused giving themselves EPO; and unsuccessfully tried to defend themselves through by claiming natural polycythemia. As I have said, it is an extremely rare condition.
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19. Q. Doctor, can you explain that first sentence?
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A. In basic terms Naturally occurring Polycthemia is very rare.
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20. Q. How can one obtain (EPO)?
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A. One can obtain Synthetic EPO through a pharmacy by a doctor’s prescription. Or abstract it from blood hence blood doping.
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21. Q. Dr, Did you review chris’s medical records?
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A. Yes
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22. Q. Did you form a conclusion on his cause of death?
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A. Yes
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23. Q. Based on your medical expertise what was Chris Fischer’s cause of death?
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A. He died of a heart attack, caused by high level of RBC’s, the proximate cause of which was the injection of EPO into Chris’s blood stream.
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24. Q.Why do you believe this was the cause of his death?
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A. Chris Fischer had abnormally high levels of hemoglobin at the time of his death. While this could only be accounted for by naturally occouring polycythemia, this condition is usually found in people 70 or older. It is extraordinarily more likely that Chris died of receiving Erythropoietin in excess of the acceptable dose.
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25. Q. Doctor, I’m going to show you exhibits Exhibit 1 and 2 can you identify this for the court?
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A. Yes, they are receipts from athletes advantage for about 700$ Billed to Avery Fischer which I believe are from the purchase of the illegal performance enhancer, EPO.
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