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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscular Dystrophies
Definition |
Group of progressively degnerative, inherited diseasesthat affectthe muscle cells of specific muscle groups, causing weakness and atrophy
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Muscular Dystrophies
Clinical Manifestations |
Generalized weak muscles
Different muscle groupd may be involved Bulky, weak muscles Muscle Deformity |
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophies
Characteristics |
Delayed walking
Frequent falles Tires easily Hypertrophic calves Gower maneuver |
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Muscular Dystrophies
Diagnoses |
CK levels(early stages)
Electromyography/muscle bx Gene locus for carrieres |
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Muscular Dystrophies
Treatment |
No Cure
Prevent complications of infection, contractures and spinal deformaties Maintain ambulaton and independence |
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Increased ICP
Definition |
Pressure exerted by blood, brain CSF and any other space occupying fluid or mass. 20mmHg or higher.
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Increased ICP
Causes |
Head injuries
Hydrocephalus Congenital problems Meningitis Infection Tumors |
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Increased ICP
Clinical manifestations Infant |
Poor feeding, emesis
Irritability Lethargy Bulging Fontanels High Pitched cry Eyes deviated downward Increased or decreased pain responce |
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Increased ICP
Clinical MAnifestations Child |
HA,Diploplia
Mood Swings Slurred speech N/V Papilledema(after 48h) Altered LOC |
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Glascow Coma Scale
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Eyes
Motor Verbal responces |
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Increased ICP alterations in VS
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May have increased temp
Increased SBP with widening pulse pressure, change in rep patterm, bradycardis |
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Increased ICP
Management |
Treat the underlying cause
Acheive normal blood gases Reduce volume of CSF Protect Cerebral function Avoid situations that increase ICP. |
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Spinal Bifida
Definition |
is a congenital neural tub defect in which there is an imcomplete closure of the vertebrae and neural tube during fetal development
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Spina Bifida Occulta
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Failure of vertabrae to completly fuse
Child may have no motor or sensory defects Dimple, small tuft of hair or hemangioma or lipoma in the lower lumbar or sacral area. |
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Spinal Bifida Cystica
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incomplete closure of the neural tube and vertabrae. Sac like protrusion in the lumbar.sacral areawith varyng degrees of nervouse tissue involvment.
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Spinal Bifida Cystica
meningocele |
sac like protrusion containing the meninges and CSF
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Spinal Bifida Cystica
myelomemingocele |
sac like protrusion containing teh mininges, CSF and a portion of the spinal cord or nerve roots
Most Severe form |
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Spinal Bifida
Cause |
Unknown
?Environmental factors Toxic chmemical exposure Medications Poor maternal nutrition(folic acid) ?Gentic link |
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Spinal Bifida
Clinical Manifestations |
Varies depending on location of defect
Lower extremities may be paralyzed May be incontinent. Hydrocephalus is common |
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Spinal Bifida
Treatment |
Promoting Mobilty
Emotional support for family Pre and post op care |
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hydrocephalus
Definition |
develops as a results of an imabalance between the production and absorption of CSF. As excess CSF accumulates in the ventricular system, the ventricles become dilated and the brain is compressed against the skull.
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hydrocephalus
causes |
Congecnital, acquired (meningitis, tumor or hemorrhage) or of unkown etiology.
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hydrocephalus
Dx testnig |
serial head circumferance measurment
CT MRI and Lumbar Puncture |
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hydrocephalus
Management |
preventing further CSK accumulation. Bypass the blockage and drain CSF from the ventricles to an area that it can be reabsorbed.
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hydrocephalus
Manifestations Infant |
Early: Rapid head growth, buldging anterior fontanel, irritability, poor feeding, distended scalp veins
Widely separated crainal sutures Late: Sun setting sign, frontal bone enlargement, Increase BP, vomitting, difficulty swallowing or feeding,shrill high pitched cry,sluggish unequal pupillary response |
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hydrocephalus
Manifestations Child |
Early: Strabismus, frontal HA, relieved by emesis or sitting upright, N/V, Diploplia, restlessness, behaviour changes, ataxia, confusion, changes in school work, lethargy
Late: Seizures, Increased BP, Resp patter alteration, blindeness, decerrebrate rigidity |
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Cerebral palsy
Def |
chronic non-progressive disorder of posture and movement. It is characterized by difficulty in controlling the musclesbecause of an abnormality in the extrapyramidal or pyramidal motor system
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Cerebral palsy
Casues |
Prenatal trauma, infection or lesion, insufficient O2 or nutrition, injury at birth or neonatal meningitis.
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Cerebral palsy
clinical manifestations |
Persistance of primitive reflexes
delayed gross motor development lack of progression through teh developmental milestones many have some degree of mental retardation abnormal muscle tone and lack of coordination |
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Cerebral palsy
Co morbidity |
Visual defects
hearing loss speech and language delay speech impediment seizures Mental retardation |
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Cerebral palsy
management |
No known cure
Manage Symptoms adequate nutrition skin integrity promote mobilty and growth and decelopment provide emotional support |
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learning disability
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is a neurological disorder that affects the brains ability to receive, process, store and respond to information. It refers to a group of disorders.
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ADHD
Definition |
is the most common chronic behavioral disorder of children . Problems with
1) attention and concentration2) impulse control 3) overactivity |
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ADHD
Types |
Inattentive, Hyperactive or combined
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ADD
characteristics |
decreased attention span- no hyperactivity. Difficulty completing tasks, and developing social relationships.
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Hospitalized child neonate
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Swadling
comfort, quiet, family support |
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Hospitalized chiled infant
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dame as neonate, swaddle, regressive, limit caregivers, limit stim
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Hospitalized child-toddler
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regression,routines, parent contact,pain control, independenc if possibble, play and agression
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