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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jaundice
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yelowish tint to body tissues caused by large quantities of bilirubin in extracellular fluid
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Normal Bilirubin
Jaundice Bilirubin |
Normal 1.1 mg per dL
Jaundice 2.4 - 3.0 |
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Two common causes of bilirubin
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Increased destruction of red blood cells.
Obstruction of bile ducts or damage to liver cells (bilirubin cannot be excreted) |
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Liver Function Tests
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Serum Bilirubin: Direct and Total
Urine Bilirubin Aminotransferase: ALT & AST Alkaline phosphatase Total protein with albumin and globulin Prothrombine time. |
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Liver Function Tests
URINE BILIRUBIN |
Normal value: 0
Presence in urine is indicative of biliary obstruction or RBC hemolysis |
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Liver Function Tests
SERUM BILIRUBIN |
Reflects ability of the liver to conjugate and excrete bilirubin
DIRECT: 0.1 - 0.3 mg (normal) TOTAL: 0.2 - 0.9 mg (normal) |
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Liver Function Tests
ALT |
Most sensitive to test injury secondary to hepatitis.
Normal value: 7 - 40 U/L or less |
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Liver Function Tests
AST |
less specific enzume detects hepatic disease secondary to cellular necrosis.
Normal Value: 30 - 40 U/L or less |
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Liver Function Tests
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE |
Non-Specific.
increased in hepatic disease, malignancy, injury and biliary obstruction. Normal Value: 30 - 95 U/L |
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Liver Function Tests
PROTHROMBIN TIME |
Prolonged in hepatic disease
(liver makes protein/clotting factors) Normal Value: 9 - 11 seconds for 100% return. |
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Hepatitis
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Inflammation of the liver involving degenerative or necrotic alterations of heptocytes
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Five Viral types of Hepatitis
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HAV - oral, fecal
HBV - Blood Transfusion HCV - Exposure to blood from infected person; no vaccine HDV HEV |
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Hepatitis - Symptoms
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Jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever
Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly |
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Hepatitis - Nutrition Therapy
General |
Spare Liver and provide nutrients for regeneration
Increase dietary intake Adequate Protein 30 - 40% kcal from fat VItamin K supplementation Electrolytes (sodium and potassium) |
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Hepatitis - Nutrition Therapy
Protein |
Adequate protein
1 - 1.2 g/kg body weight |
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Hepatitis - Nutrition Therapy
Calories from Fat |
30 - 40% kcal from fat
-some patients may have anorexia, vomiting or steatorrhea (MCT) |
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Hepatitis - Nutrition Therapy
Vitamin & Minerals |
Vitamin K supplementation
Potassium and Sodium (if vomiting) |
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Hepatitis - Nutrition Therapy
Dietary Intake |
Increase Dietary Intake
30 - 35 kcal / bodyweight (>3000 kcal) Small, frequent meals |
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Alcoholic Hepatitis - Nutrition Therapy
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Abstinence
Correct Nutritional Vitamins B-vitamins, A & D Multimineral - Zinc, magnesium, calcium phosphorous Adequate Protein and kcal intake |
