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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
prostaglandins Structurally derived from... (give both names)
how many carbons |
prostanoic acid (eicosanoic acid)
20 |
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Main source of prostaglandins
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arachidonic acid
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structure of prostanoic acid (how to draw) (know numbering too)
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cyclopentane and upper (has COOH and is alpha)/lower sidechain (beta)
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A-H substituents
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nomenclature of prostaglandins (3)
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letter- indicates substituent on the ring
number- of double bonds (don't count on ring- only side chains) greek letter - indicate that there is a difference between compounds...that have the same main core |
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difference between G and H prostaglandin
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PGH is an alcohol
PGG has peroxide (OOH) on C15 |
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Unsaturations: when PG has 1 double bond, 2, 3...
indicate where they are and whether they are cis/trans |
1 trans- C=C C13-C14
2 trans- C=C C13-C14 cis- C=C C5-C6 3 trans- C=C C13-C14 cis- C=C C5-C6 cis- C=C C17-C18 |
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know stupid R/S rule
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know how to id PG structures
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Arachidonic acid is stored in what? released by what enzyme
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membrane-bound phospholipids and released
by the action of phospholipases |
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Cyclo-oxygenase- what it do
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converts arachidonic acid to unstable cyclic
endoperoxides from which prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes are derived |
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prostaglandins that inhibit gastric
secretations in cats and dogs and prevent experimentally produced ulcers in rats (3) compound derived from these prostaglandins for medicinal use |
PGE1, PGE2, and PGA1
misopristol (synthetic PGE1) |
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PGE2 functions (3)
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inhibit gastric secretions
bronchodilation via inhalation hypotensive |
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PGA1 function
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increases cardiac output
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just as potent and have longer duration of action
than epinephrine as nasal vasoconstrictors (which PGs) (2) |
PGF2 PGE1 idk might want to check book his shit didn't make sense
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Dinoprost Tromethamine- which PG is it
used for what route of admin |
PGF2a
used to induce abortion salt given by intramniotic administration check book kim didn't write anything |
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Dinoprostone- which PG
used for what route of admin |
check book kim didn't write anything
PGE2 used to induce abortion administered as a vaginal suppository |
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Carboprost
Tromethamine- which PG? used for what (2) |
used to induce abortion or to ameliorate severe postpartum
hemorrhage PGF2a with an extra methyl grp by the OH |
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Alprostadil- used for what
which PG |
For use in neonates with patent ductus until surgery can be
performed to correct this congenital heart defect PGE1 |
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misoprostol- MoA (2 things)
doesn't work if you have what pre-existing condition |
protective coating on stomach and decreases secretions
doesn't help if you already have ulcers (since its ppx) |
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misoprostol- special SAR and purpose of it (2)
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tertiary alcohol on C16 rather than C15
extra methyl group blocks oxidation of the alcohol also has another Me on COOH group |
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misoprostol- which PG? indications (2)
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PGE1
gastric and duodenal ulcers. As with other agents of this type, misoprostol may prove useful as a gastric cytoprotective when administered concurrently with irritating drugs such as non-steroidal antiinflammatories. |
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Latanoprost- how synth'd
which PG SAR (2) ok in pregnancy? |
synthetic
PGF2a ok in pregnancy- not an abortificant Prodrug: PG-Ester --> PG-Acid lipophilic thus is better able to penetrate the cornea |
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latanoprost- which stereoisomer is more active
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The (15R)-diastereomer has only 10% of the activity
compared to the (15S)-diastereomer. |
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latanoprost indication (2- similar)
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prescription medicine used to lower eye
pressure, also called intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension (abnormally high IOP) or open-angle glaucoma. |
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Gemeprost SAR (2)
which PG? |
2 methyl groups next to OH
even harder to metabolize (oxidize) OH also a methyl ester- prodrug metabolically stabilized analog of PGE1 |
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gemeprost- indication
MoA (2) route of admin |
induce termination
of early pregnancy when administered as a vaginal suppository. Its effect is presumably due to both uterine contraction and rapid decline of steroid hormone levels. |