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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
prostaglandins Structurally derived from... (give both names)

how many carbons
prostanoic acid (eicosanoic acid)

20
Main source of prostaglandins
arachidonic acid
structure of prostanoic acid (how to draw) (know numbering too)
cyclopentane and upper (has COOH and is alpha)/lower sidechain (beta)
A-H substituents
---
nomenclature of prostaglandins (3)
letter- indicates substituent on the ring
number- of double bonds (don't count on ring- only side chains)
greek letter - indicate that there is a difference between compounds...that have the same main core
difference between G and H prostaglandin
PGH is an alcohol

PGG has peroxide (OOH)

on C15
Unsaturations: when PG has 1 double bond, 2, 3...
indicate where they are and whether they are cis/trans
1 trans- C=C C13-C14
2 trans- C=C C13-C14
cis- C=C C5-C6
3 trans- C=C C13-C14
cis- C=C C5-C6
cis- C=C C17-C18
know stupid R/S rule
---
know how to id PG structures
---
Arachidonic acid is stored in what? released by what enzyme
membrane-bound phospholipids and released
by the action of phospholipases
Cyclo-oxygenase- what it do
converts arachidonic acid to unstable cyclic
endoperoxides from which prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes
are derived
prostaglandins that inhibit gastric
secretations in cats and dogs and prevent experimentally produced
ulcers in rats (3)

compound derived from these prostaglandins for medicinal use
PGE1, PGE2, and PGA1

misopristol (synthetic PGE1)
PGE2 functions (3)
inhibit gastric secretions
bronchodilation via inhalation
hypotensive
PGA1 function
increases cardiac output
just as potent and have longer duration of action
than epinephrine as nasal vasoconstrictors (which PGs) (2)
PGF2 PGE1 idk might want to check book his shit didn't make sense
Dinoprost Tromethamine- which PG is it
used for what
route of admin
PGF2a
used to induce abortion
salt given by intramniotic administration

check book kim didn't write anything
Dinoprostone- which PG
used for what
route of admin
check book kim didn't write anything

PGE2
used to induce abortion
administered as a vaginal suppository
Carboprost
Tromethamine- which PG?
used for what (2)
used to induce abortion or to ameliorate severe postpartum
hemorrhage

PGF2a with an extra methyl grp by the OH
Alprostadil- used for what
which PG
For use in neonates with patent ductus until surgery can be
performed to correct this congenital heart defect

PGE1
misoprostol- MoA (2 things)
doesn't work if you have what pre-existing condition
protective coating on stomach and decreases secretions
doesn't help if you already have ulcers (since its ppx)
misoprostol- special SAR and purpose of it (2)
tertiary alcohol on C16 rather than C15
extra methyl group blocks oxidation of the alcohol
also has another Me on COOH group
misoprostol- which PG? indications (2)
PGE1
gastric and duodenal ulcers.
As with other agents of this type, misoprostol may prove
useful as a gastric cytoprotective when administered
concurrently with irritating drugs such as non-steroidal
antiinflammatories.
Latanoprost- how synth'd
which PG
SAR (2)
ok in pregnancy?
synthetic
PGF2a
ok in pregnancy- not an abortificant
Prodrug: PG-Ester --> PG-Acid
lipophilic
thus is better able to penetrate the cornea
latanoprost- which stereoisomer is more active
The (15R)-diastereomer has only 10% of the activity
compared to the (15S)-diastereomer.
latanoprost indication (2- similar)
prescription medicine used to lower eye
pressure, also called intraocular pressure (IOP) in
patients with ocular hypertension (abnormally high IOP)
or open-angle glaucoma.
Gemeprost SAR (2)
which PG?
2 methyl groups next to OH
even harder to metabolize (oxidize) OH

also a methyl ester- prodrug

metabolically stabilized analog of PGE1
gemeprost- indication
MoA (2)
route of admin
induce termination
of early pregnancy when administered as a vaginal
suppository. Its effect is presumably due to both
uterine contraction and rapid decline of steroid
hormone levels.