Mnpc Iii Exam 1- Lipids

Front 1

3 types of lipids

Back 1

SIMPLE LIPIDS (fats, oils, waxes)
CONJUGATED (complex) LIPIDS
fatty acids

Front 2

biosynth of fatty acids occurs on what pathway

Back 2

Biosynthesis via acetate-malonate pathway

Front 3

all natural fatty acids- cis or trans double bonds?
even or odd # carbons?

Back 3

cis double bonds
even number carbons

Front 4

important autocrine compound created from fatty acids

Back 4

prostaglandin

Front 5

primary vs secondary hyperlipidemia

Back 5

primary- inherited
secondary- endocrine or nutritional imbalance

Front 6

where does atherosclerosis occur?

Back 6

occurs in intima of the large/medium arteries-->leads to occlusion

Front 7

lipids are compounds that are composed by a high # of...

Back 7

hydrogens and carbons

Front 8

formation of monoglyceride (draw) and state precursors

Back 8

carboxylic acid + glycerol (3 ols)

Front 9

diglyceride formation precursors

Back 9

monoglyceride + carboxylic acid

Front 10

fats and oils are made from what 2 compoundS?

Back 10

glycerol
triglycerides

Front 11

oils vs fats

Back 11

oils- liquid at RT
fats- derp

Front 12

saturated, mono-unsaturated, and poly-unsaturated refers to what, specifically?

Back 12

the number of hydrogens attached to the hydrocarbon tails of the
fatty acids as compared to the number of double bonds between carbon
atoms in the tail.

Front 13

fats from animals a.k.a...
solid or liquid at RT?

Back 13

saturated fat
all hydrogenated

solid- can pack together

Front 14

Naturally-occurring unsaturated vegetable oils- cis or trans bonds?

Back 14

all cis

if fried starts to become trans... (heated repeatedly- LIKE FRENCH FRIES)

Front 15

waxes- structure

Back 15

Esters of long chain fatty acid +
monohydric alcohols

Front 16

conjugated (complex) lipids consist of what atoms? (5)

even or odd?

Back 16

P,N,C,H,O

odd #

Front 17

4 types of complex lipids and their structural components

Back 17

lecithins - phosphatidyl choline
cephalins - phosphatidylethanolamine
sphingomyelins- sphingosines
lipoproteons (proteins...?)

Front 18

Phospholipids are made from what 3 parts

Back 18

glycerol + 2 fatty acids + phosphate group (in place of third fatty acid) with some othe rmolecule attached to its other end

Front 19

lipoproteins are ______ found where?

Back 19

macromolecules found in plasma

Front 20

main function of lipoproteins

Back 20

xport lipid material in the aqueous blood (cuz lipids not soluble in water)

Front 21

lipoproteins contain what 6 compounds?

Back 21

TGs
cholesterol
cholesterol ESTERS (waxes?)
phospholipids
proteins (apoproteins)
some carbs

Front 22

4 groups of plasma lipoproteins (indicate sizes)

Back 22

VLDL (next biggest)
LDL (smaller)
HDL (smallest therefore densest)
chylomicrons (biggest)

Front 23

fat absorption pathway...billion steps...

Back 23

fat absorbed (via bile acids) --> chylomicrons --> blood--> picks up ApoC/E --> lipoprotein lipases -->hydrolyze TGs off which goes to adipose tissue to be stored -->lose ApoC-->the rest of chylomicron remnants goes to liver--> becomes VLDL --> then released as IDL? --> LPL acts on IDL --> becomes LDL -->LDL receptors on extrahepatic cells pick up this LDL in the blood

Front 24

ApoB48 - integral or peripheral? found on what?

Back 24

integral protein on chylomicrons

Front 25

ApoC= what is it
found on what (3)

Back 25

peripheral protein that get attached to chylomicrons, HDL, VLDL

Front 26

VLDL/IDL/LDL have what integral Apo protein?

Back 26

ApoB100

Front 27

HDL- made where? (2)
which integral apoprotein?

Back 27

made in liver and to a lesser extent the gut

ApoA

Front 28

function of HDL

Back 28

empty; collect triglycerides from adipose and take to liver

Front 29

ApoE
found on what (2)
function

Back 29

peripheral protein that gets attached to chylomicrons and IDLs

binds receptors in liver/whatever cells

Front 30

excess cholesterol in cells does what 2 things?

Back 30

inhibits biosynthesis of cholesterol
inhibits synthesis of LDL receptors

Front 31

which one (chylo, VLDL, LDL, HDL) has the most TGs?

Back 31

chylomicrons

Front 32

which one (chylo, VLDL, etc) has the most cholesteorl esters

Back 32

LDL

Front 33

chylomicrons- role

Back 33

xport ingested fat from guy cells (enterocytes) to adopose tissue then to the liver

Front 34

VLDL produced where? role

Back 34

produced in liver
transport fat from liver to other tissues

Front 35

LDL role

Back 35

xport cholesterol to the body

Front 36

how are lipoproteins measured? (parameters and methods) (2)

Back 36

size/density- by ultracentrifugation
vary in charge- electrophoresis

Front 37

most dangerous lipoprotein

Back 37

LDL

Front 38

BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS VIA ACETATE-MALONATE
PATHWAY- occurs where? building block?

Back 38

cytoplasm of liver cells
acetyl CoA

Front 39

acetyl CoA comes from?

Back 39

carbohydrates

Front 40

4 components (and quantity) needed to make a fatty acid (palmitic acid- a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid)

Back 40

7x malonyl CoA + acetyl CoA (has 2C and -SH)

(malonyl is 3 carbons)
14 NADPH
14 H+

Front 41

4 byproducts of fatty acid synthesis

Back 41

CO2, H2O, CoA, NADP+

Front 42

converstion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA (3 components, and 1 enzyme)

Back 42

acetyl CoA + HCO3- + ATP

acetyl CoA carboxylase

Front 43

2 dietary fats

Back 43

TGs
cholesterol

Front 44

fatty acids- usage by body and converted to what?

Back 44

used as energy source, then converted back into TGs

Front 45

fatty acids- can be made endogenously?

Back 45

yes

Front 46

congealing point definition

Back 46

temp at which oil turns into a wax (solid)

Front 47

comparing congealing points (for compounds with same # carbons): unsaturated vs saturated

Back 47

the less unsaturated one always has a lower congealing point (double check)

Front 48

go over pathway shit

Back 48

---

Front 49

2 most common saturated fatty acids (and how many carbons)

Back 49

palmitic acid (C16)
stearic acid (C18)

Front 50

palmitic acid- whats it look like, where is it found (2), significance, other name

Back 50

found in animals and plants (herp palm trees)
white solid
first fatty acid produced during lipogenesis from which longer fatty acids can be produced
hexadecanoic acid

Front 51

stearic acid - other name, how do you extract this?

Back 51

octadecanoic acid

treating animal fat with water at high pressure/temp or from veggie oil hydrogenation

Front 52

oleic acid- saturated or unsat? other name? know all the coommon names of these unsaturated ones

Back 52

unsat (all cis)
cis-9-octadecenoic acid

Front 53

unsaturated acid structures

Back 53

--know and how to name