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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sruti and Smrti
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sacred Hindu texts
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Ahamkara
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egoism; in the "BV," Krishna says to Arjuna that ahamkara must be removed
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Moksha
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Hindu concept of salvation of the soul; breaking from the cycle of incarnation
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Samsara
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Hindu term for concept of transmigration (soul passing into new incarnation)
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Karma
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Hindu concept that the sum of a person's good and bad will determine his or her next life's status
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Dharma
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Hindu concept of obedience; duty for one's role in life
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Varna
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Hindu word for caste
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Yoga
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intense and disciplined meditation; one of the six orthodox schools schools of Hindu philosophy
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Bhakti
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Indian movement that attempted to transcend Hindu and Islamic differences; emphasises devotion and practice above ritual
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Rama
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avatar of Vishnu
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Ramayana
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story of Sita following Rama into undeserved exile in a wild forest and remaining faithful
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Sita
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Rama's wife
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Krishna
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incarnation of Vishnu in BV
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Vishnu
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Hindu god, preserver of the world
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Avatar
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human incarnation of a god
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Shiva
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Hindu god of fertility and destruction
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Shakti
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energy that moves the entire universe; "The Great Divine Mother"; creation
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Jati
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subcastes
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Ashramas
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four stages in an age-based social system; student -> household -> retirement -> renouncement of life (seek moksha)
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Sannyasin
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wandering mendicant and ascetic
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Tapas
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spiritual suffering (i.e. striving for moksha)
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Cyrus
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reigned 558-530 b.c.; military strategist; over 20 years in 500s, became ruler of an empire from India to border of Egypt
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Assur
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a capitol of ancient Assyria; also name of pantheon of deities who protected Assyrian state
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Hezekiah
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14th king of Judah; one of the most prominent kings; enacted sweeping religious reforms
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Jonah
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prophet of northern kingdom of Israel; central character in Book of Jonah in Hebrew Bible
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Persepolis
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Darius places capitol of Persian empire here; administrative center and a monument to the Achaemenid dynasty; bustling with advisors, minsiters, diplomats, bureaucratic officers
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Behistun
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an inscription authored by Darius; detailed Darius' early life, his campaigns, the campaigns of Cyrus; how rebellions were put down
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Darius
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"greatest of the Achaemenid emperors"; extended empire east and west; better known as administrator than conqueror; implemented "satrapies" to govern empire; imposed formal taxes; build long roads
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qanat
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underground canals; led to enhanced agricultural production and population growth
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Ahura Mazda
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"wise lord"; supreme god of Zoroastrianism; creator of all things good
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Zarathustra
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founder of Zoroastrianism; some teachings preserved in 'Gathas'; Ahura Mazda supreme deity; not monotheistic; "good words, good thoughts, good deeds"
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Angra Mainyu
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"destructive spirit"; is like the Devil of Christianity; fought with Ahura Mazda; following a long struggle, good would prevail and Angra Mainyu/evil would disappear
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Ahriman
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Middle-Persian equivalent to Angra Mainyu
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Josiah
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a king of Judah; instituted major reforms; son of King Amon; became king at age 8; established important Jewish scriptures during the Deuteronomic reform that occurred during his rule
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Manasseh
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first king of Judah
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