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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
S Scale
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Superlative Self Presentation Scale - developed 1995
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Purpose of S Scale?
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Assess the tendency of some to present themselves as highly virtuous, responsible individuals who are free of problelms, have few or no moral flaws, and get along very well with others
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When is the S Scale especially useful?
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child custody evaluations, and personnel selection
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Cutoffs for the S Scale, and suggested attributes?
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T = 70 or more
defensive. test may be invalid. In clinical setting, probably should not use the protocol; in nonclinical can use the 70 to 74 protocol, but issues may be underrepresented. High score may also mean nonacquiescent response set (look at TRIN to see if this is true; if TRIN is above 80, person probably answered randomly) T below 70 - person not defensive. Not enough research to validate looking at very low scores. |
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F - K Index
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- use raw scores
- used to detect fake bad profile: 9 or more means fake bad - F scale alone considered more useful for this purpose though - Can use for "fake good" profile, but L and K more reliable |
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Cannot Say Score
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Manual says 30 or more omitted is invalid, but this is an old number. Michaels says 3 or 4 (?) s/b max omitted
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VRIN - what does it stand for and how is it scored?
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Variable Response Inconsistency Scale - gives indication of a tendency to respond inconsistently to 67 pairs of items that have similar or opposite content.
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VRIN - random response T score? All T score? All F score? Fake bad?
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Random gives 96 for men and 98 for women. All T or All F gives about a 50. Fake bad as well as honestly admitting psychopathology will have avg T score
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VRIN cutoff score?
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manual suggests 13 or greater raw score (= T of 80 or more) suggests inconsisstent responding that invalidates the protocol
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Why might a person respond inconsistently and so get an elevated TRIN score?
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not reading carefully, not able to read well enough, responding randomly
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TRIN - name, purpose and content of scale
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True Response Inconsistency Scale identifies inconsistent responses to 20 opposite content pairs by either giving T or F indiscriminately
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TRIN Cutoff scores and meaning?
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TRIN of 6 to 12 (inclusive) raw scores show consistent responding.
raw score TRIN of 13+ acquiescent set (too much T) raw score TRIN of 5 or less nonacquiescent set (too much F) When converted to T scores, these will give a T of 80 or more, and computer will put T or F after to indicate which response was prevalent |
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F scale - name, purpose and content
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Infrequency Scale to detect deviant or atypical ways of responding to test items. Uses 64 items that were answered in the scored direction by fewer than 10% of the normed pop. Initially meant to address random responding, but it also gives some info about psychopathology
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F scale cut offs?
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-use different cutoffs in inpatient/outpatient and nonclinical settings, with higher numbers necessary for more seriously disturbed populations
Very high (100+,90+,80+): random or all T response, fake bad, or pathology High (80+, 70+, 65+): all F response, fake bad, cry for help, or pathology Moderate (55+, 55+, 40+): valid. Some may have deviant beliefs or be accurately reporting MH problems Low (<54, <54, <39): denial or minimizing problems, fake good |
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Fb - purpose and cut off
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Back Infrequency Scale - F Scale Items that are last part of test. Can't use supplementary or content scales if this is elevated.
High is 110+ is clinical and 90+ in nonclinical OR F - Fb > 30 T points. Interpret T>80 with caution. |
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Fp - purpose and cut off
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Infrequency Psychopathology Scale used to identify Fake Bad profile in settings with HIGH rate of pathology. cutoff is T of about 95 or higher, or RAW > 7. High scorers are endorsing items that are infrequently endorsed by ALL populations
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L - content, purpose
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Lie Scale detects deliberate and unsophisticated attempts to present self in unrealistically favorable light. 15 items were rationally derived. useful in nonclinical settings (personnel selection, child custody evaluations)
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L - cutoffs and meaning
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These cutoffs are for all settings unless indicated differently.
VERY HIGH (80+): fake good, or pervasive nonacquiescence renders protocol invalid. HIGH (65 - 79 clinical and 70 to 79 nonclin): Trying to appear very virtuous - be very cautious about interpreting it Moderate (65 - 69 nonclinical): overly positive self-presentation. Can interpret the protocol but must take defensiveness into account. Elevated (60 - 64): unsophisticated defensiveness. profile valid. Take defensiveness into account Average (50 - 59): valid protocol Low (<50): may indicate exageration or malingering of psychopathology. May be result of all T response bias. |
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K - content, purpose
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Correction Scale - more subtle index of attempts to fake bad/be defensive. 30 items empirically derived from comparing responses of clearly disturbed people who had "normal" profiles with those of normal people. Better educated people score higher
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K - cutoffs and meaning
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High (65 or more): more defensive than the average person. the higher the score, the more likely s/he is defensive. In clinical setting, suggests fake good that could invalidate the profile.Could also be a F response test bias
Average (40 - 64): balanced self-view Low (<40): Fake bad, or T response set bias (compare to TRIN) |
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What does a Random Responding set look like?
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VRIN most useful - invalid if 80 or more
F,Fb and Fp >100 K, S = 50 L between 60 and 70 Clinical scales (not 5 & 0)all > 70 with 8 then 6 the highest |
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what does an all-true response set look like?
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TRIN > 80
F scores >100 L, K & S < 50 psychotic scales very high |
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what does an all-false response set look like?
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TRIN > 80
L F K S Fp > 70 Neurotic scales elevated Fb and VRIN - 50 |
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What does a Fake Bad (negative self-presentation) profile look like? (aka malingering)
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F, Fb, Fp >100 - most useful indicator
VRIN, TRIN normal clinical scales >80 |
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what invalidates a profile?
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cannot say >30
VRING or TRIN 80 or more F and Fb >80 - consider Sx exageration Fp: 100+ malingering - invalid 80 - 99 possible malingering - caution 79 - 70 interpret cautiously, malingering not ruled out <70 protocol valid |
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what does a Fake Good (positive self-presentation) profile look like?
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L, K, S significant elevation
F, Fb, Fp - average or below harder to detect than fake bad L-F-K will be a V-shape can also loook at Positive Malingering (Mp) if reported |
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What does a defensive profile look like?
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L, K & S more elevated (60 - 70)than the F scales, but not as much as in a fake good set (70+). If clinical scales elevated because of K, don't necessarily interpret
SOMETIMES either L or K is elevated - they measure different aspects. K - denies Sx and problesm. L - trying to seem honest, moral & conforming |