Mm 48 Pacu

Front 1

Before the patient is fully responsive, pain is often manifested as

Back 1

postoperative restlessness.

Serious systemic disturbances (such as hypoxemia,
acidosis, or hypotension), bladder distention, or a surgical complication (such as
occult intraabdominal hemorrhage) should always be considered as well.

Front 2

Intense shivering causes

Back 2

precipitous rises in oxygen consumption, CO2
production, and cardiac output.

These physiological effects are often poorly
tolerated by patients with preexisting cardiac or pulmonary impairment.

Front 3

Hypoventilation in the PACU is most commonly due to

Back 3

the residual depressant
effects of anesthetic agents on respiratory drive.

Front 4

Is an indication for immediate endotracheal intubation in patients suffering
from hypoventilation.

Back 4

Obtundation, circulatory depression, or severe acidosis

Front 5

is the most common cause of hypoxemia
following general anesthesia.

Back 5

Increased intrapulmonary shunting from a decreased functional residual
capacity relative to closing capacity

Front 6

most common cause of hypotension in the PACU.

Back 6

Hypovolemia is by far the most common cause of hypotension in the PACU

Front 7

3X usually responsible for cases of postoperative hypertension.

Back 7

Noxious stimulation from incisional pain, endotracheal intubation, or bladder
distention

Front 8

Following an inhalational-based anesthetic, the speed of emergence is directly
proportionate

but inversely proportionate to

Back 8

Following an inhalational-based anesthetic, the speed of emergence is directly
proportionate to alveolar ventilation but inversely proportionate to the agent's blood
solubility

Front 9

Recovery from most intravenous anesthetic agents is dependent primarily

Back 9

redistribution rather than on elimination half-life

Front 10

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)

The highest
incidence appears to be in

Back 10

young women; studies suggest nausea is more common
during menstruation

Front 11

commonly precedes or coincides with emesis.

Back 11

Increased vagal tone manifested as sudden bradycardia

Front 12

Intravenous droperidol dosage

Back 12

0.625–1.25 mg (0.05–0.075
mg/kg in children)

Front 13

droperidol now carries a 2001 Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) "black box" warning

Back 13

indicating that it can prolong the QT interval
and has been associated with fatal cardiac arrhythmias

Front 14

Nearly all anesthetics, particularly volatile agents cause hypothermia by

Back 14

decrease the normal vasoconstrictive response to
hypothermia.

Shivering in
such instances represents the body's effort to increase heat production and raise body
temperature and may be associated with intense vasoconstriction.

Front 15

Hypoventilation, which is generally defined as a


Significant hypoventilation is usually clinically
apparent only when the PaCO2 is greater than

Back 15

PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg

60 mm Hg or arterial blood pH is less than
7.25.

Front 16

the most
sensitive test for assessing the adequacy of reversal.

Back 16

The ability to sustain a head-lift for 5 s

Front 17

Antagonism of opioid-induced depression with naloxone is a two-edged sword;

Back 17

the abrupt
increase in alveolar ventilation is usually also associated with sudden pain and
sympathetic discharge. The latter can precipitate a hypertensive crisis, pulmonary
edema, and myocardial ischemia or infarction. If naloxone is used to increase respiration,
titration with small increments (0.04 mg in adults) may avoid complications by allowing
partial reversal of the respiratory depression without significant reversal of the analgesia.

Front 18

A chest tube
should be inserted for any symptomatic pneumothorax or one that is greater than

Back 18

15–
20%.

Front 19

Hypotension is usually due to

Back 19

decreased venous return to the heart, left ventricular
dysfunction, or, less commonly, excessive arterial vasodilatation. Hypovolemia is by far
the most common cause of hypotension in the PACU.

Front 20

Significant hypotension is
usually defined as a

Back 20

20–30% reduction of blood pressure below the patient's baseline
level and indicates a serious derangement requiring treatment