Mlt Microbiology (Week 04)

Front 1

Important Neisseriaceae Genera

Back 1

• Neisseria
• Branhamella
• Moraxella
• Acinetobacter
• Kingella

Front 2

Neisseria

Back 2

General Characteristics

• GNDC (Gram Negative Diplococci)
• Oxidase +
• Obligate (strict) aerobes (require oxygen)
• Capneic (require increased CO2)
• Easily dried out, requires humidity
• Likes 35-37°
• Kidney bean shaped, they like to spoon.

Colonial Morphology

• Pale green - pale yellow

Front 3

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 3

Causes gonorrhea (an STD manifesting in urethritis, cervicitis, or salpingitis.)

GC attacks mucosal lining cells, causing inflammation.

Front 4

Neisseria meningitidis

Back 4

Causes meningococcal meningitis. This may progress to purpura fulminans (DIC), shock, and death.

Front 5

Neis. gonorrhoeae Collection Sites

Back 5

• Vagina
• Urethra
• Conjunctiva (eye)
• Rectum
• Throat

Front 6

Culturing Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 6

• Fastidious (needs factor X & V)
• Needs CO2
• Needs H2O
• Likes ~body temp
• Modified Martin Lewis, Modified Thayer Martin, and New York City Mediums all support growth.

Front 7

Pathogenic vs Commensal Neisseria morphology

Back 7

Neiss gonorrhoeae is semi-opaque, semi translucent, and gray/white. Commensal is a pale green/yellow.

Front 8

Gonnococcal Infections Across Genders

Back 8

Female. Majority are asymptomatic (60%,) and the primary infection site is the endocervix (which has columnar epitherium.) 15% with cervicitis develop salpingitis, oophoritis, and pelvic peritonitis. Untreated, it can lead to sterility because of salpingitis.

Male. Seen with acute urethritis. Severe symptoms which develop quickly. Only 5% are asymptomatic.

Newborn Conjunctivitis. Can lead to permanent blindess.

Front 9

CSF Collection & Handling

Back 9

It is EXTREMELY sensitive to temp changes, so NEVER refrigerate CSF suspected of Nesseria meningitidis.

CSF collection is done via lumbar puncture. 3-5 mL of fluid is collected over 4 tubes, in order. 1 goes to Chemistry (glucose, protein), 2 goes to Micro (Gram Stain, culture), 3 goes to Hematology (RBC, WBC, differential), and 4 is for extra.

Front 10

Meningococcal Disease

Back 10

Pathogenesis: upper respiratory tract, invasion of blood (miningococcemia,) meninges (or other organs.)

Transmission: often follows flu season. Transmitted through coughing, sneezing, etc. Gets into the central nervous system.

Front 11

Symptoms of Meningitis

Back 11

It's like the flu, but more severe. Up to 5% of population has it as transient normal flora, but up to 15% in the winter.

• Stiff neck
• Nausea, vomiting
• Fever
• Photo-sensitivity, headache
• "Hangover with fever"
• Then, a rash develops on chest (peticial, red dots) 12-24 hours after first symptoms.
• 4-8 hours later, death.
• Type A is most common, but in PNW it is type B.

Front 12

Normal tests, vs Meningitis

Back 12

Appearance: Clear/colorless (normal.) Yellow, cloudy, or milky (infection.)

WBC Count: 0-5/mL (normal.) >1000/mL (infection.)

RBC Count: 0-2/mL (normal.) Increased (infection.)

Glucose: 50-80 mg/dL (normal.) Decreased (infection.)

Protein: 15-45 mg/dL (normal.) Increased (infection.)

Volume: 80-200 mL (both.)