Mkgrady8 Neuro 1 Ventricular System, Diencephalon And Subcortical Telecephalic Nuclei And Subcortical White Matter

Front 1

the diencephalon is made up of what

Back 1

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus; the diencephalon is part of the prosencephalon (along with the telencephalon)

Front 2

the subcortical telencephalic nuclei include

Back 2

basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus) and the limbic system (limbic lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala)

Front 3

the choroid plexus is where

Back 3

inside the fourth ventricle NEED TO FINISH THIS ONE

Front 4

subcortical white matter: what is the corona radiata

Back 4

projection fibers from internal capsule to cerebral cortex

Front 5

subcortical white matter: what is the internal capsule

Back 5

ascending and descending nerve fibers connecting the cerebral cortex with different parts of the brain (anterior limb, genu, posterior limb)

Front 6

subcortical white matter: what are the optic radiations

Back 6

fiber tracts conveying incoming visual information to the visual cortices

Front 7

subcortical white matter: what is the anterior commissure

Back 7

fiber tracts connecting the 2 hemispheres primarily anterior, temporal lobe structures

Front 8

subcortical white matter: what is the posterior commissure

Back 8

fiber tracts connecting the 2 sides of the midbrain pretectal region; edinger westfall nuclei decussating fibers responsible for the consunsual light reflex

Front 9

subcortical white matter: what is the corpus callosum

Back 9

fiber tracts connecting the 2 hemispheres (rostrum, genu, body, and splenium)

Front 10

what are the 3 parts of the hypothalamus

Back 10

anterior (supraoptic), middle (tuberal), and posterior (mammillary)

Front 11

what are the 2 parts of the thalamus and that nuclei are in the thalamus

Back 11

divided into medial and lateral subdivisions by internal medullary lamina; nuclei you can identify on gross brain= anterior nucleus, medial nucleus, lateral nucleus, pulvinar, medial geniculate body, lateral geniculate body

Front 12

what is the neurohypophysis

Back 12

the posterior pit; it's really an extension of the hypothalamus which is why it can be called this; the infundibulum aka infundibular stalk are alternative names for the pit stalk (the connection between the hypothalamus and the pars nervosa hypophyseos (the posterior lobe of the pit gland))

Front 13

what is the adenohypophysis

Back 13

anterior pit; communication between the hypothalamus and the anterior pit is through the hypophyseal portal system

Front 14

what hormones are released by the posterior pit

Back 14

ADH (kidney water retention) and oxytocin (uterine contractions and milk let down)

Front 15

what hormones are released by the anterior pit

Back 15

prolactin (milk production), FSH and LH (estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries and testosterone from the testis), ACTH (corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex), TSH (T3, T4 from the thyroid), and GH (long bone growth)

Front 16

what are the 2 parts of the epithalamus

Back 16

pineal gland (releases melatonin) and the posterior commisure

Front 17

what are the 3 parts of the subthalamus

Back 17

subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, and fields of forel

Front 18

parinaud aka dorsal midbrain syndrome

Back 18

caused by lesions in the dorsal midbrain or midbrain tectum, specifically the superior colliculus; paralysis of upward gaze is diagnostic; downward gaze is preserved; increased intracranial pressure and pineal tumors are common causes

Front 19

basal ganglia: phylogenetic (developmental) nomenclature

Back 19

paleostriatum= globus pallidus; neostriatum= caudate and putamen

Front 20

basal ganglia: anatomic (relationship) nomenclature

Back 20

lenticular nucleus= putamen and globus pallidus

Front 21

nucleus accumbens

Back 21

addiction SHE SKIPPED THIS

Front 22

diseases associated with basal ganglia: accumulation of neuritic plaques is what

Back 22

alzheimer's disease

Front 23

diseases associated with basal ganglia: copper accumulation in the basal ganglia is what

Back 23

Wilson's disease

Front 24

diseases associated with basal ganglia: atrophy of the caudate nucleus is what

Back 24

HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE

Front 25

diseases associated with basal ganglia: loss of pigmentation in the substantia nigra is what

Back 25

Parkinson's disease

Front 26

diseases associated with basal ganglia: scattered plaques of demyelination is what

Back 26

multiple sclerosis

Front 27

what are the parts of the limbic lobe

Back 27

aka the cerebral cortex; subcallosal, cingulate, and parahippocampal gyri

Front 28

what are the parts of the hippocampal formation (aka fornix)

Back 28

hipposampus, dentate gyrus, and subiculum

Front 29

what are the parts of the limbic system

Back 29

limbic lobe, hippocampal formation, amygdala, nucleus basalis of Meynert (high in cholinergic nuerons, memory), and anterior perforated substance (olfaction)

Front 30

function of hippocampus

Back 30

learning and memory

Front 31

summary: the internal capsule contains what

Back 31

the ascending and descending nerve tracts

Front 32

summary: the anterior limb of the internal capsule divides

Back 32

the caudate nucleus from the lenticulate nucleus and the posterior limb divides the thalamus from the lenticulate nucleus

Front 33

summary: many of the internal forebrain structures follow what shape

Back 33

the backward C shape determined by the ventricles