Mjc Anat 125 (Rule): Exam 2

Front 1

Compression and tension exerted on bones is greatest __________.

Back 1

at external bone surfaces

Front 2

The medullary cavity of a long bone is filled with __________.

Back 2

yellow bone marrow

Front 3

Cartilage-forming cells in the perichondrium actively secrete matrix in a process called __________.

Back 3

appositional growth

Front 4

Fractures common in the elderly are comminuted and __________ fractures.

Back 4

compression

Front 5

Which of the following best describes osteoporosis?

Back 5

The chemical composition of bone is normal and bone resorption far outpaces bone deposition.

Front 6

Which of the following best describes osteoporosis?

Back 6

Low bone mass and deterioration of the microscopic architecture of the bony skeleton

Front 7

Which type of fracture is common in osteoporotic bones subjected to extreme trauma?

Back 7

Compressed

Front 8

Which of the following best describes the type of bone marking called a crest?

Back 8

Narrow, usually prominent ridge of bone

Front 9

In bone, an indentation at the edge of a structure is known as a __________.

Back 9

Notch

Front 10

A cavity within bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane, is known as a __________.

Back 10

Sinus

Front 11

Which clinical condition is characterized by excessive rates of bone deposition and bone resorption?

Back 11

Paget's disease

Front 12

Which of the following is a definition of osteocytes?

Back 12

Mature bone cells which are spider shaped

Front 13

Bone resorption is influenced by __________.

Back 13

parathyroid hormone

Front 14

The epiglottis consists of which type of tissue?

Back 14

Elastic cartilage

Front 15

Which of the following is the anatomical description of a long bone?

Back 15

A bone that has a shaft with two distinct ends.

Front 16

Which of the following describes a greenstick fracture?

Back 16

The bone breaks incompletely (one side breaks and the other side bends).

Front 17

Which of the following best describes comminuted fractures?

Back 17

Bone fragments into three or more pieces.

Front 18

Which of the following is an anatomical description of irregular bone?

Back 18

Bones of this type have various shapes and do not fit into the other categories.

Front 19

During intramembranous ossification, which of the listed types of tissue is replaced by bone?

Back 19

Mesenchyme

Front 20

Fibrocartilage is located in all the following locations except the __________.

Back 20

cartilaginous attachment of ribs to sternum

Front 21

What is the importance of the perichondrium that surrounds cartilage?

Back 21

It resists outward expansion when cartilage is subjected to pressure and it functions in growth and repair of cartilage.

Front 22

Put the steps of intramembranous ossification in the correct order.

1. Bone matrix is secreted within fibrous membrane.

2. Bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears.

3. Ossification center appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.

4. Woven bone and periosteum form.

Back 22

3, 1, 4, 2

Front 23

Which hormone(s) both promote(s) growth of the epiphyseal plates at the beginning of adolescence, and later induce(s) closure of the epiphyseal plates?

Back 23

Sex hormones (androgens and estrogens)

Front 24

In what order does endochondral ossification proceed through the following stages?

1. Bone collar forms around the diaphysis.

2. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses.

3. The periosteal bud invades the diaphysis, and the first bone trabeculae forms.

4. Cartilage calcifies in the center of the diaphysis.

Back 24

1, 4, 3, 2

Front 25

How do nutrients pass from one osteocyte to another in compact bone?

Back 25

Through gap junctions within canaliculi

Front 26

Which of the following is the definition of an osteon?

Back 26

Long, cylindrical structure oriented parallel to the long axis of the bone

Front 27

What are the thick bundles of collagen that run from the periosteum into the bone matrix, functioning to secure the periosteum to its underlying bone?

Back 27

Perforating fibers

Front 28

Which of the following is the anatomical description of a short bone?

Back 28

A bone that is roughly cube-shaped

Front 29

Which of the following is a characteristic of endosteum that it shares with periosteum?

Back 29

Endosteum is osteogenic

Front 30

Within trabecular bone, the open spaces between the trabeculae are filled with __________.

Back 30

Red or yellow bone marrow

Front 31

In what order do the phases of the healing of a simple fracture occur?

1. Hematoma formation

2. Bony callus formation

3. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

4. Bone remodeling

Back 31

1, 3, 2, 4

Front 32

What is the function of the deep layer of periosteum?

Back 32

Bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 33

Osteoclasts originate from what type of precursor cells?

Back 33

Hematopoietic stem cells

Front 34

Chondroblasts in the proliferation zone of the epiphyseal plates of a growing person __________.

Back 34

Undergo mitosis

Front 35

Which of the following best describes Paget's disease?

Back 35

It is an abnormally high ratio of immature woven bone; mature compact bone is accompanied by reduced mineralization.

Front 36

"Canal-like passageway" describes a bone marking called a __________.

Back 36

meatus

Front 37

Which of the following best describes osteomalacia?

Back 37

Bones are inadequately mineralized and are therefore soft and weak; it occurs in adults.

Front 38

Which of the following best describes spiral fractures?

Back 38

A ragged break occurs due to excessive twisting.

Front 39

Which of the following is an anatomical description of flat bone?

Back 39

The bone is thin and usually somewhat curved.

Front 40

Which of the following best describes achondroplasia?

Back 40

It is genetic and it results in inhibition of cartilage proliferation at epiphyseal plates and early closure of epiphyseal plates.

Front 41

Which of the following is the definition of an osteoid?

Back 41

Organic part of bone matrix

Front 42

Which of the following best describes rickets?

Back 42

It is caused by inadequate amounts of vitamin D or calcium phosphate.

Front 43

In which region of the epiphyseal plates (of children) are bony spicules destroyed (from within the diaphysis) by osteoclasts at the same rate that they are formed at the epiphysis?

Back 43

Ossification zone

Front 44

Which bone disorder is caused by vitamin D deficiency in adults?

Back 44

Osteomalacia

Front 45

Which of the following best describes the bone marking called a tubercle?

Back 45

Small, rounded projection or process

Front 46

Sites for muscle attachment include which type or types of bone marking?

Back 46

Tuberosity and trochanter

Front 47

Which of the following best describes osteosarcoma?

Back 47

It often affects young people between 10 and 25 years of age, usually originates near the knee, and alters affected bone by eroding medullary cavity internally and compact bone externally.

Front 48

After secondary ossification centers have appeared in endochondral bone, where are the only places that hyaline cartilage remains?

Back 48

Epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage

Front 49

Which of the following best describes Paget's disease?

Back 49

It is an excessive rate of bone deposition and resorption, characterized by a high ratio of immature woven bone to mature compact bone; osteoblasts outpace osteoclasts and bones thicken in an irregular manner.

Front 50

Which of the following best describes osteosarcoma?

Back 50

Cells derived from osteoblast-like cells secrete osteoid and grow quickly, thereby eroding the medullary cavity and compact bone in affected bone.

Front 51

The facial bones of the skull are formed by which process?

Back 51

Intramembranous ossification

Front 52

The annulus fibrosus portion of the intervertebral discs consists of which type of tissue?

Back 52

Fibrocartilage

Front 53

Which of the following describes the bone marking called a fossa?

Back 53

Shallow, basinlike depression

Front 54

Which type of bone growth involves the addition of bone tissue to its surfaces?

Back 54

Appositional growth

Front 55

Bone deposition is accomplished by __________.

Back 55

Osteoblasts

Front 56

Which of the following describes osteoblasts?

Back 56

Bone-forming cells

Front 57

What role does parathyroid hormone play in the regulation of bone tissue?

Back 57

It stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood when the concentration of calcium in body fluids is low.

Front 58

Which of the following is describes epiphyseal fractures?

Back 58

A fracture that tends to occur where cartilage cells are dying and matrix calcification is occurring

Front 59

Which of the following best describes rickets?

Back 59

It leads to malformation of the head and the rib cage; epiphyseal plates are not replaced by calcified bone and become thick.

Front 60

Which of the following best describes the type of bone marking called a line?

Back 60

Narrow, usually nonprominent ridge of bone