Mixed Bag

Front 1

Progressive deterioration of myelin sheaths in the CNS/PNS
Blurry vision, pharyngeal/diaphragmatic paralysis

Back 1

Corynebacterium (diphtheriae)

Front 2

Protein (poly-D-glutamate) capsule
Boxcar like

Back 2

Bacillus anthracis

Front 3

tellurite agar
metachromatic granules

Back 3

Corynebacterium (diphtheriae)

Front 4

Strict aerobe, oxidase positive,
non-motile, encapsulated
Gram negative rod

Back 4

Bordetella pertussis

Front 5

Diarrhea that mimics appendicitis suggests??

The RLQ pain --> bacterial invasion of terminal ileum Peyer’s patches

Back 5

Yersinia gastroenteritis

Front 6

1st/2nd trimester infections
Severe fetal anemia
Fetal CHF --> massive edema
Hydrops fetalis

Back 6

Parvovirus B19

Front 7

acyclovir

Back 7

Acyclovir will not eradicate HSV-1 or HSV-2 during latent infections

HSV thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase are not made during latency

Front 8

Foul-smelling discharge from ear, present with tenderness and itching.
Swiming

Back 8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pneumonia- CF / ventilator (leading cause of death in CF patients)

Osteomyelitis- diabetics and IV drug

Otitis externa- pain ear discharge

UTI- hospital acquired

Hot tub folliculitis

Front 9

toxoplasmosis in IC

Back 9

Flu like, Self limit

Front 10

Toxocara canis
2 Diseases

Back 10

Migration
Blindness if rentia is reached

Front 11

typhus

Back 11

Rickettsiae prowazekii (body louse)
R. typhi (flea)
R. tsutsugamushi (chigger)

High Fever, sudden chills (1-3wks post-bite)

Week after onset of symptoms
Rash on trunk and spreads to extremities (No face, palms and soles)

Front 12

palm-sole rash diseases

Back 12

syphilis,
coxsackievirus A
Rickettsia rickettsii

Front 13

pneumonia + hepatitis
No rash

Back 13

Coxiella burnetii
Q Fever

Chronic O Fever--> Subacute Endocarditis

Front 14

elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB)

Back 14

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Elementary Body (EB) = infectious.
Metabolically inert extracellular

EB causes endocytosis by (actin/microtubular network activation).
Survives by inhibiting fusion of lysosomes (vs. Coxiella, which survives inside an acidified phagolysosome, and Listeria, which uses Listeriolysin O to lyse the vacuolar membrane and escape into the cytoplasm).

Internalization triggers conversion to RB form (metabolically active, not infectious)

Front 15

No muramic acid in their cell wall

Back 15

Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma – no cell wall at all

Front 16

Reiter’s syndrome

Back 16

**Chlamydia**, Campylobacter, Salmonella, or Yersinia

1) urethritis/vaginitis
2) conjunctivitis
3) reactive arthritis (usually unilateral)

Front 17

Giemsa stain

Back 17

Borrelia burgdorferi

Front 18

silver stain

Back 18

Legionella

Front 19

Fever
Bacteria in Urine
jaundice

Possible Pulmonary and Gi Hemorrages

Back 19

Leptospirosis

Front 20

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Association

Back 20

Campylobacter jejuni

Haemophilus influenzae,
herpes virus (CMV, EBV, VZV)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 21

Ulnar Nerve

Back 21

Primary Nerve affected in Leprosy

Front 22

Lecithinase Activity

Back 22

Alpha Toxin of C. Perfringes
Phospholipase-C like activity

Ruptures Membranes of WBC and RBCs(hemolysis)

Nu Toxin- Deoxyribonuclease
Mu Toxin- Hyaluronidase

Front 23

Serum Cold hemagglutinins IgM

Back 23

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Looks worse than it is on Xray
Side Note
No murmic Acid
No Cell Wall
Cholesterol in membrane
Eatons Agar

Front 24

Yellow colonies on TCBS agar

Oxidase +

Back 24

Cholera

Front 25

Toxins Increase cAMP

Back 25

Pertussis--> inhibs Gi

Bacillus Anthrax--> is an adenylate cyclase

Cholera (Activate Gs)
ETEC (Activate Gs)
Bacillus Cereus (Activate Gs)
Campylobacter (Activate Gs)

Front 26

Virus Infects RBCs
Not good for Sickle Cell

Back 26

B19

Front 27

Koilocyitc atypia

Back 27

Papovirus HPV

Pap smear

Front 28

CIN
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Back 28

Papovirus HPV

Front 29

Virus Assembly in Nucleus

Back 29

Herpesviridae

Front 30

Temporal lobe encephalitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Oral sores

Back 30

Herpesviridae
HSV-1

Front 31

Tzanck Smear

Back 31

Herpesviridae
HSV 1&2
Varicella Zoster

Look for MultiNucleated Giant Cells (MNGCs) with inclusion bodies

Front 32

B cell Latency

Back 32

Herpesviridae
EBV

Front 33

c-myc oncogene overexpression

Back 33

Herpesviridae
EBV
Burkitt Lymphoma

Front 34

Lymphoproliferative Disease
and
Hairy Oral Leukoplakia

Back 34

Herpesviridae
EBV

Front 35

Burkitt lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Hodgskin

Back 35

Herpesviridae
EBV

Burkitt lymphoma- Africa
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma- Asia
Hodgskin

Front 36

Downey Cells

Back 36

Herpesviridae
EBV

(Mitogen) CD21 Binding generates large atypical reactive T-cells

Front 37

Owl eye inclusions

Back 37

Herpes
CMV

in urine or biopsy

Front 38

Inactivates RB + 2 more things

Back 38

Herpes
HHV8 Kapsoi Sarcoma

RB= Tumor Suppressor Gene

Turns on VEGF
Infects B-Cells

Front 39

Hexons Pentons

Back 39

Adenoviridae

Front 40

Guarnieri bodies

Back 40

Poxviridae
Variola and Molluscum Contagiosum

Variola
Rash starts at mouth

Mulluscum
White/Pink umbilicated "Warts"

Front 41

Arteritis, Dark Urine, Jaundice

Back 41

Hepadnaviridae
Hep B

Front 42

Hep B

immune

Prior infection

Back 42

HBsAb IgG

HBcAb IgG

Front 43

Weils Disease

Back 43

Leptospirosis = Jaundice Fever Headache

Plus

-hemorrhage (Lung Liver)
- anemia
- azotemia (low blood Na+)

Front 44

Cholesterol Membrane

Back 44

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
No Cell Wall

Front 45

Eatons Agar

Back 45

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 46

Sabourauds Agar

Back 46

Blasto/ Crypto/ Histo

Front 47

Aflattoxin

Back 47

Aspergillas

Carcinogen--> Cause Liver Damage

Front 48

Leukemic, IC or Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Patient with Fungus

Back 48

Mucor, Rhizopus, Asidia

Front 49

Almost always flagellated. Even in body

Back 49

T. brucei

Front 50

Acid Fast Cyst in Stool

Back 50

Cryptosporidium
Isospora belli
Cyclospora
Microsporidia

Front 51

Toxoplasma in IC
3

Back 51

Pneumonitis

Myocarditis

Necrotizing encephalitis (multiple ring-enhancing lesions on CT).

Front 52

Toxoplasma in newborns
3

Back 52

1) Chorioretinitis (cotton-like white/yellow scars on the retina)

2) Hydrocephalus → macrocephaly

3) Intracranial calcifications (ring-enhancing lesions in the cortex and basal ganglia on head CT)

Front 53

Amebic Meningocephalitis
Warm Fresh Lakes
Resistant to Cl

Back 53

Naegleria
Acanthamoeba (IC only + kertinitis)

Front 54

5 Proteinase Toxins

Back 54

Botulinum toxin and Tetanus toxin
Both cleave synatobrevin (inhibiting neurotransmitter release)

Bacillus Anthracis Lethal Factor (LF) cleaves MAP kinase, which is required for cell division

Exfoliatin of Staph aureus cleaves desmosomes (Scalded Skin Syndrome)

Exotoxin B (SpeB) Strep pyogenes necrotizing fasciitis

Front 55

4 Toxins inhibit Protein Synthesis

Back 55

Diphtheria toxin
Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas
Both ADP-ribosylates Elongation Factor 2 (EF2)

EHEC Verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)
Shiga toxin
Both Degrade 28S rRNA and prevent binding of tRNA to 60S ribosome subunit

Front 56

Phage-encoded exotoxins

Back 56

"ABCDE'S"

A: Group A strep (S. pyogenes): pyrogenic exotoxins SpeA and SpeC

B: Botulinum toxin

C: Cholera toxin

D: Diphtheria toxin

E: EHEC: Verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin)

S: Shiga toxin

Front 57

Always Yeast with Thick Capsule

Back 57

Cryptococcus

Front 58

Yeast Osteomyelitis

Back 58

Coccidioides immitis
Endospore 20-60um

Blastomyces
Broad Budding 5-15um

Front 59

Chocolate

Back 59

Haemophilius

Front 60

Loefflers Agar
metachromatic bodies

Back 60

Diptheria

Front 61

Lowenstein Jansen

Back 61

TB

Front 62

Germ Tube

Back 62

Candida

Front 63

EHEC identification

Back 63

Ferments Lactose but not sorbitol

EHEC
Bacteria Phage toxin- Shiga like toxin

Front 64

4 Syphilis Symptoms
Following Birth

Back 64

1) persistent rhinitis

2) lesions on palms and/or soles

3) hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice

4) hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia

Front 65

7 Syphilis Symptoms After 2years of age

Back 65

Everything on your face + Saber shins

1) Interstitial keratitis
2) Deafness, CNS damage
3) Frontal bossing
4) Hutchinson teeth, Mulberry molars
5) Perioral fissures, high-arched palate
6) Saddle nose
7) Saber shins

Front 66

Downey Cells Appearance

Back 66

EBV

unusually large T cells with

basophilic
vacuolated cytoplasm
lobulated nucleus

Front 67

"starry sky"

Back 67

EBV
Burkitt’s lymphoma
Lymphoid tissues

Dark sky = lymphocytes

Stars = macrophages eating apoptotic high grade tumor

translocation = t(8;14)
c-myc overexpression

Front 68

CMV symptoms that can be permanent and devastating

Back 68

"MR DICS":

Microcephaly
Mental Retardation

Deafness (sensorineural) [also rubella]

Itracranial Calcifications (periventricular)
vs. the Calci in Cortex/Basal ganglia in Toxo

Seizures (likely due to the intracranial calcifications)

Front 69

3 CMV Symptoms Present at Birth

Back 69

Thrombocytopenic purpura ("blueberry muffin" rash) [rubella like]

Hepatosplenomegaly

Jaundice

Front 70

Yersina

Chromosomally encoded virulence factors

Back 70

LPS endotoxin: activates complement, triggers release of kinins

Hemin storage molecule(Hms): enhances survival of bacteria in phagocytes and facilitates uptake into host cells

pH 6 antigen (Psa): inhibits phagocytosis

Front 71

Yersina

Plasmid encoded proteins and virulence factors:

Back 71

Ysc proteins assemble to form a pore in Yersina

Yersinia Outer membrane Proteins (Yops) [Type III secretion] forms pore in eukaryotic cell

V and W antigens prevent phagocytosis. (V Ag=survival in macrophages)

Pla = protease that interferes with coagulation and complement

F1 is antiphagocytic.

Front 72

Reed-Sternberg cells
(also known as lacunar histiocytes)

Back 72

EBV
Hodgkin's lymphoma

Malignant cell = Reed-Sternberg cell
B-cell origin (CD15+, CD30+) binucleate with prominent nucleoli ("owl eyes")

Front 73

Rickettsia rickettsii
Chamlydia trachomatis

Back 73

Both Intracellular

Rickettsia rickettsii= No NAD or CoA

Chamlydia trachomatis= Cant make it own ATP

Front 74

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites may do these 3 things.

Tx?

Back 74

Tx: metronidazole

1) Asymptomatic carrier.
2) Cause amebic dysentery
3) Amebic abscess by entering portal circulation, and ultimately forming liver abscesses containing trophozoites

Front 75

Amnionitis

Back 75

Listeria

Front 76

Use praziquantel to treat

Back 76

Platyhelminthes= Cestodes + trematodes

- Cestodes: (Hookworms)
Taenia saginata, T. solium Echinococcus, Diphyllobothrium latum

- Trematodes: (Flukes)
Schistosoma spp. (blood flukes)
Clonorchis sinensis (Asian liver fluke)
Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

Front 77

4 Classes of Protozoa

Back 77

(Amoebas) pseudopod mobility.
Entamoeba histolytica, Naegleria fowleri, Acathomoeba

(Sporozoa) no pseudopod, flagellar, or cilia motility.
Cryptosporidium parvum, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium spp.

(Flagellates) flagellar mobility
Giardia, Trichomonas vaginalis, Leishmania Trypanosoma

(Ciliata) ciliary motility. Balantidium coli

Front 78

Biliary tract inflammation
pigmented gallstones
cholangiocarcinoma risk factor

Back 78

Clonorchis sinensis: liver fluke

Front 79

Nematode
Myocarditis
Encephalitis

Back 79

Trichinella spiralis

Front 80

4 Penatrating Parasites

Back 80

Hookworms:
Ancylostoma duodenale (dog Hook) Skin Itch
Necator americanus (Hook) Coughing

Strongyloides stercoralis (Thread) Most asympt; Sx include diarrhea, anemia, Pneumonia

Schistosoma

Front 81

Chlamydiae trachomatis

Back 81

EB & RB + No ATP

- Urethritis/vaginitis
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Conjunctivitis
- Reiter syndrome (conjunctivitis/uveitis, urethritis, and arthritis)