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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell Division |
The reproduction and division of cell DNA and the cytoplasm. |
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Mitosis |
The division of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell. |
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Cytokinesis |
The division of a cell's cytoplasm. |
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Genome |
The cell's genetic information, stored in the DNA. |
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Chromosome |
A molecule of DNA. |
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Chromatin |
The uncondensed mix of DNA and proteins. |
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Centromere |
The area of the chromosomes that holds both sister chromatids together. |
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Kinetochore |
A protein that binds to the centromere of certain chromosomes at the centromere. |
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G1 Phase |
Copies of organelles are made. |
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S phase |
DNA synthesis and replication. |
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G2 Phase |
Proteins and RNA synthesize |
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M phase |
Mitosis: The division of the nucleus and separation of sister chromatids. |
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What stages of the cell cycle occur during interphase? |
G1, S, G2 |
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Is the DNA during interphase condensed or uncondensed? |
Uncondensed. |
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Is the DNA during Mitosis condensed or uncondensed? |
Condensed. |
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Chromatid |
Individual copies of chromosomes. |
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During what parts of the cell cycle does a chromosome have 2 sister chromatids? |
S phase, G2 phase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase. |
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Prophase |
DNA Condenses into visible chromosomes. Centrosomes begin to move apart. |
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Prometaphase |
DNA is fully condensed. Nuclear membrane breaks down. Centrosomes move to opposite sides. MT's attach to kinetochores. |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes align at metaphase plate. MTs attach to kinetochores. |
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Anaphase |
Centrosomes move farther apart. MTs shorten. Chromosomes move apart from each other. |
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Telophase |
DNA begins to decondense. 2 Nuclear membranes begin to form. Each cell keeps 1 centrosome. MTs dissassemble |
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What is the purpose of mitotic cell division? |
It allows damaged cells to be replaced and it allows the organism to grow. |
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What is the function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis? |
It helps pull the chromosomes apart, and holds cellular structure during mitosis. |
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Why are centrosomes important for the mitotic spindle |
The centrosome organizes the microtubules. |
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What is the mitotic spindle made of? |
Microtubules. |
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how are kinetochore microtubules different from non-kinetochore microtubules? |
Kinetochore microtubules attach to the kinetochores on chromosomes. Non-kinetochore microtubules do not attach to chromosomes and give the cell its shape. |
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How are non-kinetochore microtubules important for separation of sister chromatids? |
They attach to the chromosomes so when the centrosomes move away the chromosomes move apart. |
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how are the non-kinetochore microtubules important for separation of sister chromatids? |
The non-kinetochore microtubules overlap each other and push each other apart, pulling the kinetochore microtubules with them. |
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How does cytokinesis differ in animals and plants? |
In animals, a cleavage furrow forms, and in plant cells, a cell plate forms between both nuclei. |
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What is a cleavage furrow? |
A ring of actin filaments. |
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How are actin filaments involved in cytokinesis in animal cells? |
The active filaments contract, pinching off the cells form each other. |
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What is binary fission? |
Division in half. |
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What types of cells use binary fission? |
Bacteria, archea, and single-celled organisms. |
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What is cancer? |
An uncontrollable growth of cells. |
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What is a carcinogen? |
Something that causes cancer (physical, chemical, or biological). |
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What is the difference between a benign and a malignant tumor? |
A benign tumor stays where it began and can be removed by surgery. A malignant tumor spreads to other tissues. |
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What treatments do doctors use to treat cancer Why? |
Chemotherapy and radiation. To inhibit cell growth. |
