Mitosis

Front 1

Phase in which cell doubles in size and DNA content

Back 1

Interphase

Front 2

Phases of Interphase

Back 2

G1
S
G2

Front 3

G0

Back 3

Quiescent phase no more synthesis occurs

Front 4

G1

Back 4

-period of after mitosis
-RNA and Protein synthesis

Front 5

S

Back 5

- DNA replication
- Protein synthesis
- Chromosomal duplication
- Centromere duplication

Front 6

G2

Back 6

-2-4 hours
-Centrioles grow
-Energy for mitosis stored
-RNA and Proteins for mitosis synthesized
-Tubulin for spindle apparatus synthesized
-Cyclin B initiates entry to M phase

Front 7

Mitosis

Back 7

-2 identical daughter cells
-Prophase
-Prometaphase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase

Front 8

Microtubules

Back 8

-Mitotic spindle
-Polar: go toward the equatorial plane
-Astral: go towards one end of pm
-Kinetochore: from the centromere
-Grow towards (+) end
-No spindle no cell division, so cancer drug target
-Taxol: stabilizes mt. so no division
-Anti-MT: Colchichine; Vinblastine; Nocodazole

Front 9

Centrosome

Back 9

-centrioles
-α-tubulin rings in a cloud
-Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)

Front 10

Chromosome

Back 10

-2 parallel sister chromatids attached at centromere
-Kinetochores form at centromeres, MTOC

Front 11

Prophase

Back 11

-nuclear envelope and nucleolus begin to disappear
-chromosomes condense
-2 sister chromatids attached at centromere
-Centrioles migrate to opposite poles giving rise to astral rays and spindle fibers
-DNA = 4n (doubled)

Front 12

Metaphase

Back 12

-centrioles appear on opposite side of poles
-chromosomes align at equatorial plate of mitotic spindle and attach to spindle mt at kinetochore
-4n DNA

Front 13

Anaphase

Back 13

-Shortest phase of mitosis
-the kentochores moved by motor proteins pull chromosomes toward poles
-at the same time polar microtubules slide past each other lengthen and push two cell poles apart

Front 14

Telophase

Back 14

Like prophase in reverse
-Begins as soon as chromosomal movement stops
-identical sets of chromsome at opposite poles resume original "undense" form
-nuclear envelope appears nucleoli reappears within nucleus
-spindles break down

Front 15

Actin

Back 15

-contactile ring during cytokinesis
-bipolar myosin II filaments slide actin against itself

Front 16

Intermediate Filaments

Back 16

-breakdown of and reassembly of nuclear envelope
-phophorylation of lamins triggers disassembly of nuclear lamina
-P added around prophase, and removed after prophase