Missouri Western State University Local Flora Exam 1 Summer2016

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Bryophytes

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Non-vascular plants

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Mosses

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Gametophyte: solely consist of stems and leaves

Sporophytes: consist of a seta (stalk) and the capsule

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Acrocarpous Mosses

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The Sporophytes develop from the branch tips. This taxa typically have an erect growth form.

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Acrocarpous Moss- Sporphyte tissue

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Pleurocarpous mosses

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The sporophytes develop from the side brances, typically have prostrate growth (growing closely along ground)

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Pleurocarpous moss: sporophyte tissue

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Liverworts

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Sporophytes are very small, FOCUS on the gametophytes

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Thallose liverworts

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have wide body growth form

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Leafy liverworts

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Typically have narrow growth form with overlapping scales or leaves. Frullania is the most common taxon here in NW Missouri.

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Rotifers

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Small zooplankton

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Microlejunea

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Possibly one of the smallest plants in the world. Minute lobules with rotifers in this taxon as well.

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Monilophytes

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Ferns: vascular plants

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Monilophytes (3 clades)

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Equisetopsida- Horsetails

Ophioglassales- Botrychium

Polypodiales- most diverse

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Equisetopsida

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Equisetum: green, cylindrical stems with silica and sporangia that look like cones

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Ophioglassales

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Botrychium: two-parted leaf. One part is sterile (cholorophyllous) and the other part is fertile (achlorophyllous) and covered in sporangia.

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Polypodiales

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Most diverse clade of monilophytes.

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Sori

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Sori (singular is sorus) are made of sporangia. They may be circular, linear or other shaped structures. Usually located on underside of leaves.

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Indusia

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An indusium is a flap of tissue that covers each sorus.

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Annulus

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Main function is spore dispersal (looks like little brown worms)

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Three major groups of angiosperms

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Basal Angiosperms- Nymphaceae

Monocots- Poaceae (grasses)

Eudicots-Carya ovata

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Monoecious

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Flowers imperfect, the staminate and pistillate flowers borne on same plant.

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Dioecious

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Flowers imperfect, the staminate and pistillate flowers are borne on different plants.

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Basal

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Flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants.

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Monocots

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Flowering plants whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leave or cotyledon. No woody monocots, arborescent, flower parts in 3's, parallel leaf venation.

Includes Poaceae and Cyperaceae

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Eudicots

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2 cotyledons in the seed, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5.

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Gymnosperms

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A plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit. Gymnosperms include the Coniferophyta.

A pollen grain is a gametophyte (3 cells generally)

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Vascular plants

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homeohydric: Roots, Xylem (H2O), Phloem (photosynthates)

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Pokilohydric

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Cannot maintain their own water balance

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Gymnosperm:

Coniferophyta (Conifers)

2 families native to Missouri

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Pinaceae (Pinus)

Cupressaceae ( Juniperus virginiana)

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Adnate

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Different parts fused together

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Peduncle

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holds the inflorescence, each flower is attached to a short stem called a Pedicel

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Inflorescence

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The flowering part of a plant, a flower cluster, the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis.

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Infructescense

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(fruiting head) is defined as the ensemble of fruits derived from the ovaries of an inflorescence. It usually retains the size and structure of the inflorescence.

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Perfect flower

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When it contains both stamens and pistils

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Imperfect (uni-sexual)

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Contains either stamens or pistils but never both.

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Corolla

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all of the petals of a flower

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Calyx

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All of the sepals

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Perianth

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All of the sepals and petals

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Gynoecium

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All of the Pistils

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Androecium

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All of the stamens

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Connate

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Fusion of like parts, as the fusion of staminal filaments into a tube

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Adnate

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Fusion of unlike parts, as the stamens to the corolla

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Anemophilous

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Wind pollinated; producing wind borne pollen

Puts energy towards pollen not towards pistils and stamens

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Resource Allocation

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dependent on type of pollination

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Entomophilus

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Insect pollinated

Plants tend to have strong fragrance, bright colors, or nectar.

Nectar guides, distinctive color patterns

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Catkin= Ament

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an inflorescence consisting of a dense spike or raceme of apetalous, unisexual flowers.

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Bract

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A leaflike structure at the base of a flower or inflorescence

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Asteraceae

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Sunflower:

Most abundant family in the world

Consist of ray flowers and disk flowers

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Peduncle

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stalk of the inflorescence

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What is the most abundant and diverse group of non-vascular plants that occur in Missouri

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Mosses