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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What infection can cause Guillain Barre?
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Campylobacter Jejuni. It causes gastoenteritis which causes an overactive immune response that becomes autoimmune
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What infection typically causes osteomyelitis in people with sickle cell anemia?
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Salmonella typhi
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What does erythema chronica migricans look like?
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A bullseye look with an area of central clearing.
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What organism can cause erythema chronica migricans?
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Borrelia Burgdorferi
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The unhappy triad includes what 3 anatomical things?
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ACL, MCL, Medial Meniscus (it's damaged because it is attached to the MCL).
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What HLA is RA associated with?
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HLA-DR4
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What molecule does Lambert-Eaton disease target?
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Presynaptic Ca2+ channels in muscle. Muscles work better after sustained effort (more ACh in the cleft)
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Muscle ending with glossus are all innervated by the ....... nerve with the exception of....... which is innervated by.....
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glossopharyngel; palatoglossal; vagus
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What does Infraspinatus do?
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laterally rotate the arm. Only that.
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What does teres minor do?
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Laterally rotate and adduct the arm
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What kind of bone lesions is prostate cancer known to make?
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osteoblastic.
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The thenar eminence is mostly innervated by the ..... nerve. One of the muscles which adducts the thumb is instead innervated by the.... muscle.
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Median; ulnar
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Duchen's muscular dystrophy is caused by what kind of mutation?
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A frameshift mutation
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What does dystrophin normally do?
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Links actin to transmembrane glycoproteins (some of which are laminin)
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Where do you find the following types of cartilage: I-IV?
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1: Bone, skin, tendon
2: cool 3: reticulin (skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue) 4: basement membrane |
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Meisner's vs. Pacinain corpuscles.
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Meisners are shallower and sense shape and texture during active touch. Pacinina are deeper in the dermis and sense pressure and vibration.
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Reactive arthritis (AKA reiter's syndrome) commonly presents as:
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Arthritis, uvitis (conjunctivitis), urethritis
(can't see, pee or climb a tree) |
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Reactive arthritis is associated with what HLA antigen?
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HLA-b27
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What can cause reactive arthritis?
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GI or chlamydiae infections. It will present after.
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What kind of pneumonia is Pseudomonas associated with?
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ventilator mediated (among other things)
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What's the difference between Sicca syndrome and Sjogren's syndrome?
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Sicca syndrome has dry eyes and mouth (from immune mediated destruction of the glands). Sjorgren's syndrome also has 1 more auto-immune disease (like RA).
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What anatomic area do most direct inguinal hernias go through?
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Hesselbach's traingle: The rectus abdominus is the medial border, the inferior epigastric is superior/lateral, and the inguinal ligament is inferior.
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What is the relation of the inferior epigastric artery in direct and indirect hernias?
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Direct hernias are medial to the inferior epigastric arty. Indirect hernias are lateral to it. MDs don't LIe (mnemonic)
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What is Churg-Straus syndrome?
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A p-ANCA positive vasculitis.
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What symptoms are present in Churg-Straus syndrome?
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Granulomas, eosinophilia, Patients will often present with asthma, sinusitis, skin lesions and peripheral neuropathy (foot/wrist drop). Can also involve heart, GI, and kidneys
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Tennis elbow affects what site?
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lateral epicondyl
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What tendon is attached to the lateral epicondyl that expalins tennis elbow?
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Extensor carpi radialis. It extends the wrist. When you "cock" your arm back to serve a ball, you put resistance to wrist flexion and this causes strain.
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What are the 3 muscles which close the jaw?
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Masseter, teMporalis, medial pterygoid. (The M's Munch)
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What muscle opens the jaw?
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Lateral pterygoid
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What is pemphigus vulgaris?
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An autoimmune blistering disorder.
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In pemphigus vulgaris, what is the autoimmunity?
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It is an IgG antibody against desmosomes (anti-epithelial antibody).
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What pathologic finding is key for Ewing's sarcoma?
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anaplastic small blue malignant tumor cells. Onion-skin appearance in bone. Common in diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, and ribs. 11;22 translocation (11+22=33, patrick ewing's number)
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Demogrphics for Ewing's sarcoma?
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boys under 15.
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What organism commonly causes osteomyelitis in IV drug users?
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Psuedomonas.
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Which drugs can cause drug-induced lupus?
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It's not HIPP to have lupus. Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Procainamide, Phenytoin.
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What drugs cause geneicomastia?
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Some drugs create awesome knockers.
Spironolactone, digitalis, cimentidine, alcohol use (chronic), ketokonazole, and also estrogen |
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What's the CD number for NK cells?
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CD16
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What does a Gq receptor do?
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Activates PLC to cleave PIP2 to IP3 and DAG.
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What does pleiotropy mean?
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A gene that has more than one effect.
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WHat change in vision does digitalis cause?
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It causes you to see yellow.
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What genetic retardation is associated with cryptoorchidism
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kleinfelters
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How do fluroquinilones work?
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They inhibit gyrase
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What kind of kidney pathology will somebody with SLE have?
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Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis.
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Where is the CF mutation found?
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Chromosome 7
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Besides pseudomonas, what other bug is common in patients with CF?
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S. Aureus
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What drug can you give to CF patients to help loosen the mucus plugs?
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N-acetylcysteine (it cleaves the sulfide bonds)
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Does the CFTR need energy to work?
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Yes, it requires ATP. It facilitates active secretion/resorbtion of Cl-
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Mnemonic for X-linked recessive disorders.
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Be Wise, Fool's GOLD Heeds Silly Hope. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia, Wiskott-aldrich syndrome, Fabry's disease, G6PD, Ocular albinism, Lesch-Nyhan syndrom, Dchenne's (and becker's) muscular dystrophy, Hunter's syndrome, Hemophilia.
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What trinucleotide expansion is associated with fragile x? what is the gene?
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CGG, FMR1 (fraGile X, 'G')
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Do trinucleotide expansions increase in males?
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No, only in females
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Mytonic dystrophy is associated with what trinucleotide expansion?
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CTG (mytonic "t")
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What are the 4 trinucleotide expansions diseases?
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Friedrich's ataxia, Myotonic dystrophy, Fragile X, Huntington's
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What diseases are down syndrome patients at risk for?
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Alzheimer's and ALL
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What are the three main trisomies?
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Downs (21), Edwards (18), Patau (13)
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