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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, caused by prion protein.
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Cruezfeldt-Jacob disease
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Global confusion, gait ataxia, opthalmoplegia (nystagmus, abducens palsy, conjugate gaze disorder). Caused by severe thiamine deficiency.
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Wernicke's Encephalopathy
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deficits of visual-spatial skill, memory, and cognitive capabilities, for example, problem solving, word finding and speech, navigation, arithmetic, writing or reading
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Alzheimer's disease
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progressive neuronal damage, accumulation β-amyloid peptide, senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
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Alzheimer's disease
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dementia, urinary incontinence, gait apraxia
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Normal pressure hydrocephalus
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Following minor head injury and commonly seen in alcoholics and the elderly. Stupor and coma gradually ensue. Fluctuating course.
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Subdural haematoma.
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Longstanding schizophrenic patient presents with sore throat, lethargy and has agranulocytosis.
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Clozapine.
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What blood test should you do prior to starting someone on clozapine?
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FBE - Ensure they have normal WBC and neutrophils.
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How often should someone on clozapine have blood tests?
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Following commencement of the drug, blood counts should be monitored weekly for the first 18 weeks and then fortnightly for a year.
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A longstanding schizophrenic patient has extrapyramidal side effects, raised prolactin levels and is impotent.
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Chlorpromazine.
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Name 2 antipsychotics that will cause impotence and hyperprolactinaemia.
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Chlorpromazine.
Risperidone. |
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A 60-year-old lady on medication for depression presents with dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation.
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Amitryptilline.
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What are the features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
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hyperpyrexia
autonomic dysfunction confusion or coma high WBC high creatine kinase (CPK). |
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Which antipsychotic is most likely to cause NMS?
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Haloperidol.
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Hyperactivity, dehydration, hypertension.
+/- hallucinations, arrythmias, acute hyponatremia. |
Amphetamines, esp. ectasy
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Drug overdose causing respiratory depression and pinpoint pupils.
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Opiates.
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Drug overdose causing hyperventilation, fever, haematemesis.
+/- metabolic acidosis |
Aspirin.
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Drug overdose causing reduced conscious level, irritability, a tachycardia, urinary retention and dilated pupils.
+/- seizure, ventricular arrythmias. |
Anitcholinergics, e.g. amitryptilline.
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A 17-year-old male is brought to casualty after being found collapsed in the street. Examination reveals a Glasgow coma scale of 7, a temperature of 36.5°C, a blood pressure of 145/85 mmHg with a pulse of 70 beats per minute. His pupil size is normal and he has a respiratory rate of 15 with saturations of 96%.
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Benzodiazepines - he is unrousable and asleep.
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A DNA damaging alkylating agent which uses free radicals to perform its task.
Used to treat leukaemia and RA. Rare side-effect is haemorrhagic cystitis. |
Cyclophosphamide.
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An agent which is a platinum compound that causes DNA damage by causing cross-links.
Treats lung, bladder, ovarian, testicular cancer. |
Cisplatin.
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An antimetabolite that acts as a pyrimidine antagonist.
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5-Flurouracil
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Prevents DNA repair by acting as a topoisomerase II inhibitor.It is also known as cytotoxic antibody and is used in acute leukaemias, lymphomas and a variety of solid tumours.
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Doxirubicin
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What is the test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis?
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Sweat chloride
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What is the test used to screen for CF in babies?
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Immunoreactive trypsin.
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What is the test used to look for pancreatic insufficiency in CF patients?
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Faecal elastase.
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Haematological malignancy of plasma cells, characterised by
1. bone pain due to pathological fractures 2. Infections due to impaired immunity 3. Renal failure. |
Myeloma
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An 18-month-old child presents with roseola infantum, a high fever, otitis upper respiratory tract infection and gastrointestinal upset. What is the most likely cause?
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Human herpes virus 6
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What is echovirus?
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It is an enterovirus?
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A 5-year-old child is admitted with a fever, rash, vomiting and diarrhoea. What is the most likely cause?
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Echovirus
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A 19-year-old woman takes an overdose of 35 aspirin tablets. What is the most likely picture with respect to her acid base status? She also has tinnitus and is breathing fast.
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Respiratory alkalosis.
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What virus causes Kaposi's sarcoma?
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Human herpes virus 8.
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Where does PBC effect?
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Intralobular ducts.
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PBC more common in...
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Women
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PBC antibodies...
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AMA
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PBC classical presentation
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Middle-aged woman, itchy, jaundice, AMA and increased ALP.
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PSC is linked to?
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IBD, especially UC
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PSC antibody?
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p-ANCA
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PSC is more common in...
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Men
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What does PSC look like on investigation?
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Beading, due to the strictures.
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Heparin: onset and half-life?
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Rapid and short.
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What do you monitor when giving Heparin?
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APTT
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What is a side-effect of heparin?
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Heparin-induced haemorrhage.
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LMWH: onset and half-life.
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Gradual and long.
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What is the benefit of LMWH?
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More predictable response, don't need to monitor in the lab.
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Which antibiotic inhibits warfarin?
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Macrolides are.
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Does warfarin affect existing clots?
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No.
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What reverses Heparin?
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Protamine.
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