Misc. Midterm Bio Anthropology

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Molecular genetics

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works on therapies for diseases

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genetic field of Phylogentics

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determining evolutionary relationships amoung species

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DNA base combination are always...

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A-T or C-G

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Regulatory gene

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contains information important to initiating transcription

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structural genes

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genes that contain information to make a protein

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In Mendel's experiments, the F1 generation

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was a mating of two lines that were true-blending

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Mendel's law of segregation states:

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the factor that is expressed is dominant

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autosomes

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any of the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes

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autosomal dominant disease vrs. autosomal recessive disease

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dominant- one copy must be inherited from either parent.
recessive- one copy must be inhereted from both parents

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homozygous

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having the same allele at the loci for a gene on both pairs of homologous chromosomes. same gene, same place

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heterzygous

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having two different allesles at the loci for a gene on both homologous chorosomes.- different gene, same place

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pleitropy

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phenomenon of a single gene having multiple phenotypic effects- PKU is one of these genes

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x-linked disorders

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males = heterogametic sex- only have one X gene so are more suceptable to X-linked disorders
females= homogametic

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Polytypic

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a species that is divided into local populations that differ by one or more phenotypic traits.

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Term subspecies used interchangably with term...

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race

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ethnobiology

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deals with how various cultures classify organisms in the natural world

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Johann F. Blumenback beleived...

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that the division between human groups was more or less arbitrary

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Anthropometry

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the measuremnt of different aspects of the body, such as stature or skin color

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a population is polymorphic for a trait if it is governed by two alleles and they are present at frequency of....

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greater than 1%

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hemolytic anemia is..

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when there is a maternal-fetal incompatibility of the ABO system- also effects subsequent pregnancies

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Acclimatization vrs. adaptability

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acclimatization is very short term, adaptability is long term

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hypoxic ventilatory response

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the increase in ventilation induced by hypoxia-("oxygen starvation") breathing faster increased oxygen to brain.

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Prototheria group:

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lays eggs, but nurse young with milk (australian platypus)

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metatheria group

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marsupials, reproduce w/o placenta.

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eutheria group

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placental mammals. (primates)

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Humans and apes are members of which infraorder

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haplorhine

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arboreal hypothesis

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Considers the origin of primate adaption that focuses on the value of grasping hands adn steroscopic vision for life in the trees.

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petrosal bulla

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is the tiny bit of the skeleton that covers and protects parts of the inner ear. - info used with fossil of questionable status

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diurnal

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active during the day- unlike most mammals primates are diurnal

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encepahlixation refers to

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the volume of the neocortex

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Primate order is broken down into two suborders including...

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promisians(strepsirhini) -including Lemurs, Lorises & Tarsierus and antropoidea (haplorhini)- including Monkeys, Apes & humans

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Promisians

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-more primitive primate- noctural (large eyes) unfused hemi mandible, protruding moist snout, grooming claws, uses scent for marking territory

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Antropoidea

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-humans- greater coolor vision, longer gestabtion, increased parental care, mutual grooming

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Anthropodea infraorders

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Playtrrhini (New World)- western monkeys, 3 molar teeth, flat nose
Catarrini (Old World)- Earstern monkey, apes humans, nostrils down, sexual dimorphism

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Catarrini Super Families

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1. Cercopithecoidea (many have tails)
2. Hominoidea- a. Hylobatidae- Gibbons & Siamoargs (long arms, bracchiation, monogamus, fruit eaters),
b. Pongidae- Gorillas, chimps, bonobos (Gorillas largest primates, primarily veg., terrestrial)
c. Homindae- homosapiens (more intelligent, bipedal, social)

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Pan Paniscus

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congo- more linear bodies- longer legs- smaller heads more aboreal, less aggressive, engage in pleasurable sex, female dominated (bonobos)

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Pan Troglodytes

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slight sex dimorph., knuckle walk, bracchiate, omnivours, grooming & creating bonds. male dominant hunt in groups. (chimpanzee)

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reproductive asymmetry

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females tend to be competed for by males

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fission-fusion mating

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in primates- which there are temporary subgroups but no stable, cohesive groups

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polygyny

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majority of haplorhine nonhuman primates composed of one or more males and more than one female.

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polyandry

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when one female lives in a reproductive or social unit with multiple males. rare in primates