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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polio virus
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Proteolysis of eIF4 - inhibits eukaryotic translation, allows its own mRNA to be translated
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Diphtheria toxin
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Inhibits the translocation step during eukaryotic translation elongation; Causes ADP ribosylation of EF2-translocase
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How much diphtheria toxin is needed to be effective?
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Only 1 molecule can modify all EF2 proteins, which are ATP dependent for translocation.
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EF2 is the eukaryotic analog of:
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Prokaryotic EF-G
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What modification does Diphtheria toxin cause in the EF-2 molecule?
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ADP-ribosylation of a His residue causes it to become a Diphthamide residue.
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Streptomycin is what type of antibiotic
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Aminoglycoside
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Action of aminoglycosides:
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-inhibit translation initiation
-misreading of mRNA |
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Action of tetracycline:
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Binds 30S subunit; inhibits binding of aminoacyl-tRNAs.
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Chloramphenicol mechanism:
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-50S ribosome subunit
-Inhibits peptidyl transferase |
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Action of Erythromycin:
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-50S subunit
-Inhibits translocation |
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Puromicin
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-Premature chain termination -Analog of aminoacyl-tRNA
-Inhibits both Prok+Euk |
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What organisms are affected by puromycin?
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Both euks and proks
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Action of Cyclohexamide:
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-60S ribosome (euks)
-Inhibits peptidyl transferase activity |
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What causes erythromycin resistence in Staph?
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Plasmid born methylase causes mutation that blocks binding of the drug.
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Scurvy
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decrease in hydroxyproline synthesis; lack of enzyme activity necessary for collagen stability
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Type IV Ehlers Danlos
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lysyl hydroxylase deficiency
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anticancer drug that binds major groove - intercalates to inhibit transcription:
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Actinomycin D
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cisplatin
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introduces bent dna by inducing intrastrand cross bridges; inhibits cell growth.
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HDPF
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hered. persistence of fetal hb -> normally shut off by naturally occuring dna triple helix shuts off gene; mutation destabilizes triple helix and causes it to stay on; assoc. w/ Sickle cell disease
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novobiocin and ciprofloxacin
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inhibit bacterial topoisomerase ii
cipro --> anthrax (b. anthracis) |
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doxorubicin and etoposide
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inhibit eukaryotic topo II - treat cancer
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a-amanitin
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mushroom toxin that inhibits RNAP in eukaryotes
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Which RNAP does a-amanitin inhibit most strongly?
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RNAP II
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What drugs inhibit transcription?
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RADDC
rifampin alpha amanitin daunorubicin dactinomycin cordycepin |
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mechanism of rifampin:
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binds B subunit of bacterial RNAP; prevents transcription - used to treat Mycobact. TB
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mechanism of actinomycin D (dactinomycin)
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intercalates minor groove between two GC base pairs
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mechanism of daunorubicin
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intercalation
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mechanism of cordycepin
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lacks 3'OH; terminates elongation
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