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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does your license renew? |
Before June 30 in even numbered years |
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BARF is an acronym for what? |
Bacteriological Analysis report forms |
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Core sampling is a viable way to check the condition of what? |
Filters |
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What is the best cross connection device? |
Air gap |
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How many hours of continuing education does a class 2 water treatment operator need to renew his license? |
12 |
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Are surface waters more difficult to clean up than groundwater? |
No |
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What causes more waterborne disease outbreaks than any other factor? |
Backflow |
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What device is approved to protect against backflow and backsiphonage in high hazard applications? |
Reduced pressure zone assembly |
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A class one system is determined to be different than a class III system by what? |
Amount of water treated per day |
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A sanitary survey is used to determine what? |
Source water characteristics and effectiveness of treatment |
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In their soluble or reduced state, iron and manganese are what? |
Colorless |
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What are the two types of backflow? |
Backsiphonage and back pressure |
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What is the definition of pH? |
The hydrogen ion concentration in water |
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Out of nitrate, fluoride, manganese, and copper, which of these does not have a primary MCL? |
Manganese |
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The more uniform the filter media, the _______ the rate of head loss? |
Slower |
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The Van der Waals principle refers to what? |
Oppositely charged particles attract |
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Heterotrophic plate counts measure what? |
All bacteria in the sample |
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COMBINED FILTER EFFLUENT must be less than ________NTU and 95% of all measurements (collected every four hours) for each month. |
0.3 NTU |
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What is the holding time for total coliform samples? |
30 hours |
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Why does extremely soft water cause problems with pipes and fittings? |
Because extremely soft water is corrosive |
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What does an atmospheric vacuum breaker backflow prevention device protect against? |
Backsiphonage |
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What can high nitrate levels in the water cause? |
Blue baby syndrome |
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An approved air gap separation must be______. |
2.5 times the inside diameter or a minimum of 1 inch |
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If you get a positive coliform sample what must be done? |
Retake the original sample plus one sample within five upstream service connections and one sample within five downstream service connections |
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When backwashing filters, bed expansion should be between _________ percent. |
15-30% |
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What are the two main water softening methods used by treatment facilities? |
Ion-exchange and lime-soda ash |
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If a filter exceeds _______NTU At any time, the system must arrange for the state to conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation within 30 days. |
2.0 NTU |
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Are double check valve backflow prevention assemblies approved for high hazard applications? |
No |
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Iron and manganese removal can be accomplished by what? |
Oxidation with chlorine dioxide(most common), chlorine, aeration, or potassium permanganate, followed by filtration |
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What is the minimum number of bacteriological samples that a system can submit per month? |
2 |
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What is used to connect plant chlorine piping to a full chlorine container? |
A new lead gasket |
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What types of specialty repair kits should be used to address leaks in gas chlorine containers, ton containers, and railcar containers? |
A kit-150 lb container B kit-ton container C kit-railcars |
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What personal protective equipment is needed to address a severe chlorine gas leak? |
Self-contained breathing apparatus |
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How many fusible plugs are there on a 1 ton chlorine container? |
6 |
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Where should chlorine gas leak detectors be mounted? |
Near the floor |
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What is the maximum gas withdrawal rate from a 1 ton chlorine container? |
400 lbs per day |
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What is the gas withdrawal rate from a 150 pound chlorine container? |
40 lbs per day |
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Are individual pathogens regulated with maximum contaminant levels? |
No |
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What is the maximum residual disinfectant level for free chlorine? MRDL |
4.0 mg/L |
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What is the most common bacteria found in the human intestine? |
E. Coli |
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What are the three steps in the MPN method? |
Presumptive, confirmed, completed |
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What is the product of lactose fermentation? |
Carbon dioxide |
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What are the 4 methods used for measuring coliforms? |
1. Multiple tube fermentation 2. Colilert 3. Membrane filtration 4. Presence/absence |
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Filters are expected to filter out, almost completely, all material suspended in the water except for what? |
Sodium |
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Filtration rates vary from _____to_______GPM/sq ft of filter surface area. |
2.0-6.0 GPM/sq ft |
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During backwashing, filter beds are said to achieve a fluidized state went backwashed at what flow rates? |
15.0-17.0 GPM/sq ft |
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The optimum amount of fluoride in drinking water is what? |
The amount needed to prevent tooth decay, usually 1.0 mg/L |
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A chlorine solution with a strength of 1 mg/L is the same as a concentration of: |
1 pound of chlorine per million gallons of water |
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When hard water is softened by the ion exchange process, which substances are normally retained by the exchange media? |
Calcium and manganese |
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In the MNO-MUG test the presence of total coliforms is evidenced by a: |
A yellow color |
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What is "multiple barrier" treatment as defined by the surface water treatment rule? |
Removal by filtration and inactivation by disinfection |
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Pressure in psi is said to be: |
Static or dynamic |
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What are the major benefits associated with the use of chloramines? |
Persistence and ability to reach remote areas and their ability to penetrate biofilms in a distribution system |
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CT values should be calculated for: |
Peak hourly and average flows a minimum of once a day |
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What is the maximum feed rate when adding fluoride to drinking water? |
1.0 mg/L |
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How is giardia lamblia transmitted? |
In the cyst form |
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Sampling for lead and copper is usually done where? |
At the consumers tap |
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In order to be considered a reliable sample, the HPC level must be less than _______ colonies per ml. |
500 |
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How often does a community water system monitor their water supply's natural radioactivity level? |
Once every four years |
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How often does a community water system monitor their water supply's natural radioactivity level? |
Once every four years |
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Records for sanitary surveys must be kept by the water supplier for how long? |
10 years |
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How should samples taken for routine analysis be preserved? |
Refrigeration at 4°C or 39.2°F |
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What are the three operational control tests used to monitor the disinfection process? |
Chlorine residual, bacteriological tests, and HPC count |
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An ion exchange water softening unit will exchange calcium and magnesium ions with what? |
Sodium ions |
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The fact that coliforms are facultative anaerobes indicates that: |
Coliforms grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions |
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What are methylene blue active substances (MBAS) in a water analysis report? |
Foaming agents. Secondary MCL of 0.5 mg/L |
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Tube settlers are generally fixed at the following two angles |
7.5° and 60° |
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What are two types of salmonella type bacteria? |
Typhoid fever and dysentery |
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Viruses and cysts are more resistant to disinfection than are most bacteria |
True |
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What color after 24 hours is an indication of FECAL coliform in the Colilert test? |
Blue |
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In the MNO-MUG (Colilert) test the presence of TOTAL coliforms is evidenced by what color? |
Yellow |
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What is the filtration rate for diatomaceous earth filters? |
1-2 GPM/ sq ft |
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High nitrates in groundwater is a sign of what? |
Contamination |
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Determine the log removal if the percentage of removal is 99.00 |
2.0 |
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Determine the log removal if the percentage of removal is 99.00 |
2.0 |
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Determine the percentage of removal if the log removal is 1.75 |
98.22% |
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What is the filter backwash rule? |
All backwash water must be returned to the beginning of the treatment process |
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How are particle counters compatible with turbidimeters? |
Particle counters cannot be used as a substitute for turbidimeters. Particle counts cannot be correlated with turbidity |
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What chemical oxidant is used most often to treat iron and manganese in water? |
Chlorine Dioxide |
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Measurements for heterotrophic plate count bacteria may be substituted for disinfectant residual measurements. When is the sample considered equivalent to a detectable disinfectant residual? |
If the HPC is less than 500 colonies per mL |
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When measuring chlorine residual, which method is the most convenient and provides the most repeatable results? |
Amperometric titration |
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When measuring chlorine residual, which method can provide a false positive? |
DPD colorimetric method |
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When measuring chlorine residual, which method is the most convenient and provides the most repeatable results? |
Amperometric titration |
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When measuring chlorine residual, which method can provide a false positive? |
DPD colorimetric method |
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If at any time the disinfectant residual leaving the plant is less than _______, The system has how long to correct the problem? |
0.2 mg/L 4 hours |
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Name seven items that have primary MCLs. |
Cadmium, copper, fluoride, lead, mercury, nitrate, nitrite |
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Name seven items that have primary MCLs. |
Cadmium, copper, fluoride, lead, mercury, nitrate, nitrite |
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Name eight items that have secondary MCLs. |
Corrosivity, foaming agents(MBAS, 0.5mg/L), iron, manganese, odor, pH, sulfate, zinc |
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At filtration rates above 5 GPM/sq ft, what problem can occur? |
Iron and alum floc Will sheer in the pores of the filter and shorten filter runs. To prevent this, use a coagulant aid |
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What filter media is most often selected for gravity filtration? |
Sand, anthracite coal, and Garnet |
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How is corrosion affected by: pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chloride and sulfate ions, hardness, temperature, system pressure, dissolved solids |
-pH: higher is better -Alkalinity: higher is better -Dissolved oxygen: consumes dissolved oxygen. Cannot occur without oxygen -chloride and sulfate ions: inhibit the formation of protective scales by keeping hardness ions in solution. Increases corrosion -hardness: reduces corrosion -temperature: higher water temperatures increase corrosion -System pressure: flows that are too high or too low will increase corrosion -dissolved solids: higher levels of dissolved solids increase corrosion because they increase the conductivity of the water |
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How do anaerobic conditions affect: iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide |
-Iron: goes into solution (colorless) -manganese: goes into solution (colorless) -hydrogen sulfide: releases rotten egg odor |
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How do algal blooms effect: pH, filtration, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, copper sulfate, color, chlorine demand |
-PH: increases -filtration: shortens filter runs -dissolved oxygen: reduces/depletes -organic matter: increases organic loading -copper sulfate: algicide prevents algal blooms -Color: increases -chlorine demand: increases |
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Name five reducing agents |
Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, Ferrous ion, manganous ion, nitrite ion |
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How is copper sulfate affected by: pH, alkalinity, suspended matter, temperature |
-PH: lower is better -alkalinity: bad for copper sulfate. Causes copper to precipitate. Effective at alkalinity of 0 to 50 mg/L -suspended matter: adsorbs copper sulfate (bad) -temperature: higher is better |
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How is calcium carbonate affected by: corrosivity, sodium polyphosphates, alkalinity, hardness, temperature |
-Corrosivity: reduces by forming a protective scale -sodium polyphosphates: controls scale formation in waters that are super saturated with calcium carbonate -alkalinity: ? -hardness: increases level of hardness -temperature: calcium carbonate is LESS soluble in hot water |
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How are citric acids (aliphatic hydroxy acids) affected by alkalinity and copper sulfate? |
-alkalinity: citric acids reduce alkalinity -copper sulfate: citric acid prevents the precipitation in high alkalinity waters |
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What is the relationship between lime (calcium hydroxide, a.k.a. hydrated lime) and: alkalinity, corrosivity, hardness |
-alkalinity: lime increases alkalinity -Corrosivity: lime reduces Corrosivity -hardness: lime increases level of hardness |
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What is the relationship between lime (calcium hydroxide, a.k.a. hydrated lime) and: alkalinity, corrosivity, hardness |
-alkalinity: lime increases alkalinity -Corrosivity: lime reduces Corrosivity -hardness: lime increases level of hardness |
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What is the relationship between quicklime (calcium oxide) and: alkalinity, corrosivity, hardness |
-alkalinity: quicklime increases alkalinity -Corrosivity: quicklime reduces corrosivity -hardness: quicklime increases level of hardness |
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What is the relationship between caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and: alkalinity, corrosivity |
-alkalinity: caustic soda increases alkalinity -Corrosivity: caustic soda reduces corrosivity |
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What is the relationship between soda ash (sodium carbonate) and: alkalinity, corrosivity |
-alkalinity: soda ash increases alkalinity -Corrosivity: soda ash reduces corrosivity |
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What is the relationship between chlorine and: alkalinity, pH, turbidity, temperature, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, organic matter |
-alkalinity: lower is better -PH: less efficient at higher pH. Chlorine gas lowers the pH while hypochlorite increases pH. The higher the pH, the greater percentage of hypochlorite ion (OCL-); The lower the pH, the greater percentage of hypochlorous acid (HOCL) -turbidity: reduces chlorine effectiveness -temperature: higher is better -ammonia: forms chloramines -hydrogen sulfide: forms sulfuric acid and a rotten egg smell -organic matter: forms THM's and taste and odor problems |
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Temperature conversion formula |
F= C x 9/5 + 32 C= (F - 32) x 5/9 |
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Why is Colin so gay |
Because |
