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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anything that carries an electronic signal and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device
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telecommunications medium
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long-distance telephone companies
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common carriers
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a communications line that uses switching equipment to allow one transmission device to be connected to other transmission devices
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switched line
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a communications line that uses existing phone wires going tinto today's homes and businesses to provide transmission speeds exceeding 500kbps at a cost of $20 or more per month
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digital subscriber line (DSL)
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computer network
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the communications media, devices, and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and/or devices
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processing alternative in which all processing occurs in a single location or facility
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centralized processing
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processing alternative in which processing devices are placed at various locations
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decentralized processing
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processing alternative in which computers are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via telecommunications devices
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distributed processing
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an architecture in which the application and database reside on one host computer, and the user interacts with the application and data using a "dumb" terminal
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terminal-to-host
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an architecture in which the application and database reside on one host computer
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file server
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an architecture in which multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions such as database management, printing, communications, and program execution
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client/server
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a network that connect computer systems and devices within the same geographic area
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LAN
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local area network
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LAN
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a network that ties together large geographic regions using microwave and satellite transmission or telephone lines
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wide area network
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WAN
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wide area network
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a network that links systems between countries
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international network
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software that provides a number of important functions in a network
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communications software
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systems software that controls the compute rsystems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other
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Network operating system
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NOS
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network operating system
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software that enables a manager to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware (printers), scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses
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network management software
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rules and standards that ensure communications among computers of different types and from different manufacturers
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communications protocols
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the gap between those who can effectively use new information and communication tools, such as the internet, and those who cannot
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digital divide
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a project started by the US Department of Defense in 1969 as both an experiment in reliable networking and a link among DOD and military research contractors
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ARPANET
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a communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed
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Internet protocol
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IP
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internet protocol
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a protocol that includes rules that computers on a network use to establish and break connections
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transport control protocol
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one of the internet's high-speed, long-distance communications links
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backbone
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an assigned address on the internet for each computer
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uniform resource locator
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URL
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uniform resource locator
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a communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines
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Serial line internet protocol
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SLIP
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serial line internet protocol
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PPP
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point-to-point protocol
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a communications protocol that transmits packets over telephone lines, allows ahring of lines by multiple users, preferred
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point-to-point protocol
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any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
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Internet service provider
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ISP
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internet service provider
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a terminal emulation protocol that enables users to log on to other computers on the Internet to gain access to public files
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Telnet
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a protocol that allows files to be copied between a host and a remote computer
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File transfer protocol
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FTP
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file transfer protocol
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technology that enables network managers to route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data
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voice-over-IP
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VOIP
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voice-over-IP
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an intercompany application-to-application communication of data in standard format, permitting the recipient to perfro mthe functions of a standard business transaction
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EDI
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electronic data interchange
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EDI
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systems that give personal computer users access to vast databases and other services, usually for an initial fee plus usage fees
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public network services
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the use of telecommunications to extend the classroom
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distance learning
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an internet service comprising tens of thousand of independently owned computers that work together as one
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world wide web
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a cover page for a web site that has titles, graphics and text
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home page
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tools that connect the data on web pages, allowing users to access topics in whatever order they wish
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hypermedia
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the standard page description language for Web pages
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hypertext markup language
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hypertext markup language
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HTML
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codes that let the Web browser know how to format text-as a heading, as a list, or as body text- and whether images, sound and other elements should be inserted
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HTML tags
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software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on your computer screen that provides a graphical interface to the web
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web browser
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markup language for web documents containing structured information, including words, pictures, and other elements
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Extensible markup language
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XML
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Extensible markup language
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a web search tool
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search engine
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an object-oriented programming language based on C++++ that allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document
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JAVA
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automatic transmission of info over the internet rather than making users search for it with their browsers
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push technology
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an internal corporate network built using Internet and world wide web standards and products; used by the employees of the organization to access corporate information
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intranet
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a network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners; based on Web technologies
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extranet
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a network that transfers information by encapsulating traffic in IP packets and sending teh packets over the Internet
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Virtual private network
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VPN
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Virtual private network
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the process by which VPN's encapsulate traffic in IP packets over the internet
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tunneling
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a device that sits between your internal network and the outside internet and limits access into and out of your network based on your organization's access policy
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firewall
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a text file that an internet company can place on the hard disk of a computer system to track the web movements of its users
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cookie
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the process of converting a message into a secret code and changing the encoded message back to regular text
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cryptography
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the conversion of a message into a secret code
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encryption
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an encryption technique used to verify the identity of a message sender for the processing of online financial transactions
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digital signature
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______________ is creating profound changes in business because it lessens the barriers of time and distance.
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Telecommunications
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The elements of a ______ ______start with a ____ _____that originates the message
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telecommunications system; sending unit
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The sending unit transmits a signal to a ______ __________
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telecommunications device
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The telecommunications device performs a number of functions, which can include converting the _____ into a different form or from one type to another
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signal
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The telecommunications device then sends the signal through a medium, which carries the electronic signal and interfaces between a ____ _____and a ______ _____
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sending device; receiving device
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The signal is received by another _____ ______that is connected to the receiving computer
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telecommunications device
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_______can be used to share hardware, programs, and databases across the organization.
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Networks
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Networks can transmit and receive information to improve organizational _________ _________
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effectiveness and efficiency
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They enable geographically separated __________ to share documents and opinions, which fosters teamwork, innovative ideas, and new business strategies
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workgroups
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The _______is the world’s largest computer network— actually a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information
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Internet
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The ______ is like many other technologies— it provides a wide range of services, some of which are effective and practical for use today; others are still evolving, and still others will fade away from lack of use
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Internet
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The Internet transmits data from one computer (called a _______) to another
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host
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The set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another is known as the
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Internet protocol (IP).
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______ ____ _____includes rules for computers to establish and break connections
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Transport control protocol (TCP)
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Each computer on the Internet has an _____ _____ to distinguish it from other hosts
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assigned address
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An ____ ____ ____is any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet
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Internet service provider
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To use this type of connection, you must have an account with the service provider and software that allows a direct link via the ____ ______
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TCP/IP protocols
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______ ______include e-mail and instant messaging; Telnet and FTP; chat rooms; Internet phone and videoconferencing services; content streaming; shopping on the Web; Web auctions; music, radio, and video services; electronic data interchange; public network and specialized services; and distance learning.
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Internet services
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Originally developed as a document- management system, the World Wide Web is a ____ ____ ____ that is easy to use for personal and business applications
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menu-based system
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_____ ____is a collection of tens of thousands of independently owned computers that work together as one in an Internet service
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The Web
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____ _____ _____ ___connect these computers, and cross-indexing software is employed to enable users to jump from one Web computer to another effortlessly.
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High-speed Internet circuits
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Because of its ability to handle ______ objects and ______ ______between distributed objects, the Web is emerging as the most popular means of information access on the Internet today
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multimedia; hypertext links
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AWeb site is like a magazine, with a cover page called a home page that has _____ _____ ____
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graphics, titles, and text
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Hypertext links are maintained using _____, a standard way of coding the locations of the HTML (hypertext markup language) documents.
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URLs (uniform resource locators
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___ ____are loosely analogous to chapters in a book
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Web pages
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In Web transmissions, the client communicates with the server according to a set of rules called ____ ____ ____, which retrieves the document and presents it to the users
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HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol),
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_____is the standard page description language for Web pages
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HTML
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A Web browser reads HTML and creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on the user’s computer screen that provides a____ _____ to the Web
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graphical interface
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A number of products make developing and maintaining ____ _____easier, including Web services. Microsoft, for example, has introduced a Web development platform called NET that allows different programming languages to be used and executed
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Web content
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It also includes a rich library of programming code to help build_____ ____
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XML Web applications
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Once a Web site has been constructed, ___ ___ ____ can keep the Web site running smoothly.
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a content management system (CMS)
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By linking buyers and sellers _______ on the Web, businesses are able to establish new and ongoing relationships with customers, allowing them access to information and products whenever it suits them
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electronically
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Businesses can use the Web as a tool for ____ ____ _____
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marketing, sales, and customer support
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An _______ is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products
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intranet
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It is used by the employees of the organization to gain access to corporate information
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intranet
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An ______is a network that links selected resources of a company’s intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners. It is built based on Web technologies
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extranet
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Authentication, privacy, and performance are critical on an
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extranet
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Web site ____ _____ and_____ are control and management issues that affect all networks
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bottlenecks, privacy and security, and flrewalls
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FTP
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file transfer process
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CMS
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content management system
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