Mis Chapter 3

Front 1

Technology for 1880's computer:

Back 1

Punched cards turned sensors On and Off

Front 2

1946 Computer Technology

Back 2

-ENIAC
-1st digital computer / programmable
-Used Vacuum tubes
-Fill room 39' x39'

Front 3

Late 50's Computer Technology

Back 3

-Transistors replaced vacuum tubes
-Smaller, faster, cooler

Front 4

1st Gen. Computers

Back 4

Prior to 1950. Used vacuum tubes

Front 5

2nd Gen. Computers

Back 5

Late 1950's - Transistors and IC's / Jack Kilby

200,000-500,000 cps

Front 6

3rd Gen. Computers

Back 6

Mid 1960's
Integrated circuitry and miniaturization

Front 7

4th Gen. Computers

Back 7

1971
-Further miniaturization
-Multiprogramming and virtual storage

Front 8

5th Gen. Computers

Back 8

1980's
-Millions cps

Front 9

Microcomputers 1975

Back 9

MITS introduced ALTAIR 8800

Front 10

Microcomputers 1977

Back 10

Commodore and Radio Shack

Front 11

Microcomputers 1979

Back 11

-Apple computer, fastest selling
-Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

Front 12

Microcomputers 1982

Back 12

-IBM introduced the PC
-Changed the market

Front 13

4 attributes of Midrange Computing Systems:

Back 13

-High-end Network Servers
-Not as powerful as mainframes
-Often used to manage large Internet website, corporate intra and extranets
-Used as front-end servers

Front 14

3 attributes of Mainframe Computing Systems:

Back 14

-Large, fast, powerful computer systems
-Superservers for large client/server networks and high-volume Internet sites
-Popular for E-commerce and data mining/warehousing

Front 15

3 attributes of Supercomputer Systems:

Back 15

-Extremely powerful - Scientific, engineering
-Markets: Gov't research, Large Universities and Major Corporations
-Parallel processing - Giga (B) and Tera (T) cps costs $5-50M

Front 16

Kilobyte (KB)
Megabyte (MB)
Gigabyte (GB)
Terabyte (TB)
Petabyte (PB)

Back 16

Thousand bytes
Million bytes
Billion bytes
Trillion bytes
Quadrillion bytes

Front 17

Random Access Memory

Back 17

-Most common
-Volatile
-Read/write

Front 18

Read-Only Memory

Back 18

-Permanent Storage
-Can be read, but not overwritten
-Frequently used programs burned into chips during manufacture
-Called firmware

Front 19

Memory built onto transistors

Back 19

Flash Drive

Front 20

Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks

Back 20

-Virtually unlimited online storage
-6 to 100+ small hard disk drive in single unit
-Data access in parallel over multiple paths from many disks
-Redundant storage
-Storage area networks can interconnect many RAID units

Front 21

Predictions for the future:

Back 21

-Biological memories
-Health remedies
-Longer life spans
Virtual activities
-Memory recall

Front 22

Any I/O device connected by telecommunications link to a computer

Back 22

Computer Terminal

Front 23

A method of storage in which each storage position has a unique address and can be individually accesses in approximately the same period without having to search through storage positions.

Back 23

Direct Access

Front 24

Synonym for Direct Access

Back 24

Random Access

Front 25

Antonym for Direct Access

Back 25

Sequential Access

Front 26

A software interface that relies on icons, bars, buttons, etc to initiate computer-based tasks for users

Back 26

GUI

Front 27

Small Web-enabled microcomputer devices with specialized functions, such as PDA's game consoles, cell phones, wired telephone appliances and Web-enabled home appliances

Back 27

Information Appliances

Front 28

A flat, circular plate with a magnetic surface on which data can be stored by selective magnetization of portions of the curved surfaces

Back 28

Magnetic Disk

Front 29

A very small computer, ranging in size from a "computer on a chip" to hand held, laptop and desktop units and servers

Back 29

Microcomputer

Front 30

A type of Midrange Computer

Back 30

Minicomputer

Front 31

A theory advanced by Gordon Moore that suggests that computing power will double every 18-24 months at a given price point

Back 31

Moore's Law

Front 32

A low cost networked microcomputer with no or minimal disk storage, which depends on Internet or intranet service for its operating system and Web browser, Java-enabled application software and data access and storage

Back 32

Network Computer

Front 33

Pertaining to equipment or devices not under the control of the CPU

Back 33

Off-line

Front 34

Pertaining to equipment or devices under the control of the CPU

Back 34

Online

Front 35

A secondary storage medium using CD/DVD (digital versatile disk) technologies to read tiny spots on a plastic disk.

Back 35

Optical Disks - can store Billions of characters of information

Front 36

Devices that allow end users to issue commands or make choices by moving a cursor on the display screen

Back 36

Pointing Devices

Front 37

Storage that supplements the primary storage of a computer

Back 37

Secondary or Auxiliary storage

Front 38

Microelectric storage circuitry etched on tiny chips of silicon or other semi-conducting material
Most widely used technology today. Allows for reading RAM and ROM

Back 38

Semiconductor Memory

Random and Direct Access

Front 39

A sequential method of storing and retrieving data from a file.

Back 39

Sequential Access

Front 40

Sequential Access contrasts with what two types of Storage Access?

Back 40

Random and Direct

Front 41

Direct conversion of spoken data into electronic form suitable for entry into a computer system. Also called voice data entry

Back 41

Speech Recognition