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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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workstation computers
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microcomputers that support applications with heavy mathematical computing and graphics display demands
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network servers
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microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small local area networks (LANs) and in Internet and intranet Web sites
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computer terminal
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essentially any device that allows access to a computer
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dumb terminals
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keyboard/video monitor devices with limited processing capabilities
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intelligent terminals
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modified networked PCs or network computers
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windows terminals
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type of network terminal that depends on network servers for Windows software, processing power, and storage
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internet terminals
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type of network terminal that depends on internet or intranet web site servers for their operating systems and application software
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midrange systems
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primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle large-scale processing of many business applications
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mainframe systems
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large, fast, and powerful computer systems
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parallel processing
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executing many instructions at the same time and performed by advanced computers using many instructions processors organized in clusters or networks
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gigaflops
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billions of floating-point operations per second
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teraflops
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trillion of floating-point operations per second
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minisupercomputers
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use of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and distributed shared memory (DSM) designs of smaller numbers of interconnected microprocessors
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distributed or grid computing
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a special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers connected to a network by a conventional network interface
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central processing unit
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main processing component of a computer system
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primary storage unit
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computer's memory
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secondary storage devices
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support primary storage unit by storing data and software instructions needed for processing
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cache memory
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storage circuitry used for high-speed, temporary storage of instruction and data elements
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picosecond
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trillionth of a second
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nanosecond
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billionth of a second
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megahertz (MHz)
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million of cycles per second
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gigahertz (GHz)
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billion of cycles per second
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throughput
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ability to perform useful computation or data processing assignments during given period
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peripherals
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-generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system, but are not part of the CPU
-online devices that that are separate from, but can be electronically connected to and controlled by, a CPU |
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binary representation
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two possible states or conditions, similar to common light switch, that can be exhibited by a computer
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bit
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-short for binary digit
-smallest elements of data -can have value of either 0 or 1 |
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byte
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-basic grouping of bits that the computer operates as a single unit
-typically consists of 8 bits and represents one character of data in most computer coding shemes |
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petabyte
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more than one quadrillion bytes
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random-access memory (RAM)
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-one of the basic types of semiconductor memory used for temporary storage of data or programs during processing
-each memory position can be directly sensed (read) or changed (written) in same length of time, regardless of its location on storage medium |
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direct access and random access
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a method of storage in which each storage position has a unique address and ban be individually accessed in approximately the same period without having to search through other storage positions
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read-only memory (ROM)
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-nonvolatile random-access memory used for permanent storage
-can be read but not erased or overwritten |
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1. random-access memory (RAM)
2. read-only memory (ROM) |
two types of semiconductor memory
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radio frequency identification (RFID)
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-system for tagging and identifying mobile objects such as store merchandise, postal packages, and sometimes even living organism
-allows objects to be labeled an tracked as they move form place to place |
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magnetic tape
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a plastic tape with a magnetic surface on which data can be stored by selective magnetization of portions of the surface
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RAID
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-redundant array of independent disks
-magnetic disk units that house many interconnected microcomputer hard disk drives, thus providing large, fault-toleratnt storage capacities |
