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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who invented the first microscope? |
Brothers Zacharias and Hans Janssen in 1590. 20x magnification |
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Who is Robert Hooke? |
Coined the word cell looking at cork under a microscope. Viewed only dead cells. -Developed a compound microscope in 1660 |
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Compound microscope |
Has 2 lenses |
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Who is Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek? |
In 1673 he viewed LIVING organisms at 200x |
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What are 2 types of microscopes? |
1.Light microscope 2.Electron microscope |
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What is a light microscope? |
•Uses light to illuminate structures •specimen must be thin or transparent to view |
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Name 3 sub types of a light microscope |
1. Simple 2.Compound 3.Confocal |
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Simple microscope |
1 lens |
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Compound microscope |
•2 lenses •1600x |
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Confocal microscope |
3D |
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What are 2 subtypes of electron microscopes? |
1. Transmission (TEM) 2. Scanning (SCM) |
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What is an electron microscope? |
•uses electrons instead of light •internal and external features |
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Describe transmission microscope |
A.K.A. TEM 50 million x Internal features |
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Describe scanning microscope |
SCM 250,000X External features |
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Schleiden and Schwann did what? |
In 1839 came up with the cell theory |
Didn't invent the microscope |
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Robert Brown is important bc.. |
1830's described a "nucleus" |
Important to cell theory |
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What are the 3 points of the cell theory? |
•all organisms are made of one or more cells •A cell is a fundamental unit of life •all cells come from other cells |
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What 5 traits do ALL cells have? |
1.Contain genetic material(RNA/DNA) 2.Require proteins 3.have ribosomes 4. Have cytoplasm 5.cell membrane |
They also want to be small. Surface area to volume ratio |
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Prokaryote |
Lacks nucleus |
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Eukaryote |
Contains nucleus |
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What are the 3 domains of cells? |
1.bacteria -prokaryote 2.archaea -prokaryote 3.eukarya |
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What is different about a eukaryotic cell compared to bacteria and archaea? |
•Has a nucleus ☆Has membrane bound organelles☆ •has fatty acid cell membrane •larger |
4 main distinctions |
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Bacteria and archaea. Compare contrast |
•Bacteria has fatty acids membrane -Archaea non fatty acid cell membrane ▪both lack a nucleus |
Differences in membrane chemistry |
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Bacteria is a nucleoid. What is that? |
Houses DNA Not membrane bound RNA Cytoplasm •RIGID cell wall Locomotion from flagella or cilia |
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What cells are called extremophiles? |
Archaea. |
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Where can extremophiles be found? |
Volcanoes, ocean trenches and vents |
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Archaea |
Like bacteria, it -Lacks membrane bound organelles -has ribosomes -has locomotion •builds cell walls out of different biochemicals. *chemically unique |
Describe archaea |
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Eukarya characteristics |
-larger cells than bacteria and archaea 10-100x ☆has membrane bound organelles☆ -has nucleus -specifically PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER cell membrane |
5 characteristics |
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What does an eukaryote cell membrane do? |
Separates the cytoplasm from surrounding environment |
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Hydrophobic |
Dislike water |
Define |
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Hydrophilic |
Water loving |
Define ♡ |
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Eukarya cell membrane |
Created from phospolipid bi-layer hydrophilic end (tails) -hydrophobic heads |
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What does the phospholipid bilayer let in |
Semipermeable Lipids Small nonpolar molecules Oxygen Carbon dioxide |
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The eukarya's cell membrane blocks what? |
Ions and polar molecules |
Semi permeable layer keeps what out |
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Eukarya cell membrane contains these 3 things |
Phospholipids Sterols Proteins |
Not structures, ingredients |
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Proteins found in the eukarya cell membrane are |
Transport proteins Enzymes Recognition proteins Adhesion proteins Receptor proteins |
5 types. Important for function of cell membrane |
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What is the nucleus ' function? |
Houses the DNA |
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What are the 3 structures in the eukaryotes nucleus? |
1Nuclear pores- MRNA exit 2Nuclear envelope 3Nucleolus-ribosomal subunits |
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Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and why is it smooth? |
It's smooth b/c there are no ribosomes. Makes lipids and glucose. Helps maintain calcium balance. Exit via transport vehicles |
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What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
It's rough bc ribosomes are present. The ribosomes on the rough E.R. make proteins. Exit via transport vehicles |
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Golgi apparatus |
The FedEx of the cell Processing center Proteins complete folding here Packaged and sorted Exit via transport vehicles |
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What is the function of thr Lysosomes |
It contains high count of white blood cells and enzymes to dismantle and recycle: Debris Old organelles Captured bacteria Food particles (i.e. lipids) |
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Peroxisomes |
•Found in all eukaryotes •Similar to lysosomes(contain different enzymes) •disposal of toxins and macromolecules •found commonly in the liver • process bigger macro molecules like amino acids and sugars |
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Plant Vacuole functions |
•Plant version of lysosomes •Contains liquid enzymes that degrade •acidic pH •citrus |
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Describe Mitochondria and it's function in eukarya cells |
•Found in all eukarya (except few protists) •Extract energy from food via cellular respiration •Inner and outer membrane •houses own DNA •Ribosomes |
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Chloroplast- membrane bound organelle |
Where photosynthesis takes place in the plant cells -made up of the stroma, thylakoids, and granum, the stacks of thylakoids -Houses own DNA -double membrane -ribosomes |
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Cytoskeleton |
The paths and tracks through the cytoplasm •transport within cell •movement of organelles -skeleton/shape of the cell -muscle contraction - made of proteins |
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What are the 3 protein filaments in the cytoskeleton |
1microfilaments 2intermediate filaments 3microtubule |
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What do protein microfilaments do? |
Thinnest Anchor Actin |
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Intermediate filaments |
Multiple proteins |
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Microtubule |
Thickest "Tracks " Cell division |
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Cilia |
Numerous,short,swim |
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What are centrosomes? |
Organized microtubules help form cilia and flagella |
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Name 2 centrosomes |
Flagella and cilia |
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Flagella |
Single, maybe pairs Longer Has tails I.e. sperm |
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Plant cell walls(is an eukarya) |
Barrier Shape Structure Regulate cell volume -holding water Made of many different materials •plant=cellulose |
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The 3 Cell junctions in animal cells |
1. Tight junctions -like skin cells Nearly impenetrable Tightest junction Connect to actin in cytoskeleton 2. Anchoring/desmosomes -"rivets" - connect the cytoskeletons Important for cells that contract (Heart cells) 3. Gap junctions Links cytoplasm Ions, nutrients and other small particles Electrical charge (Brain cells and heart cells) |
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Plant cell junctions |
•plasmodesmata -channels °cytoplasm °hormones °organelles •disease |
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Call junctions in plants |
Rapid communication through hormones. Downside is disease are spread quickly |
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