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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Building blocks that make up rocks |
Minerals |
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A naturally-occurring inorganic solid substance with a definite chemical structure and a distinctive set of physical properties, as well as crystalline structure |
Minerals |
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Non-renewable |
Minerals |
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Properties of Minerals |
Luster Hardness Color Streak Transparency Break Crystal Form/ Crystalline Structure Specific Gravity |
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Other properties of minerals |
Feel Magnetism Smell/Odor Taste Elasticity Malleability Chemical Reaction with Hydrochloric acid |
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Useful in identifying the mineral calcite |
HCl(Hydrochloric Acid) |
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Appearance of the mineral in reflected light |
Luster |
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Luster may be |
Metallic luster Nonmetallic luster |
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Appearance of a polished metal |
Metallic luster |
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Resistance of the mineral to being scratched |
Hardness |
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the harder the mineral, the more difficult it is to scratch; the softer the mineral, the less its resistance to scratches and if they don't scratch each other they have the same hardness |
Comparative Property |
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A German mineralogist used and prepared the standard hardness scale |
Friedrich Moh |
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Standard hardness scale used by Friedrich Moh |
Moh's Scale of Hardness |
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Ten minerals arranged in order from 10(hardest) to 1(softest) |
1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Feldspar 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond |
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Hardest mineral |
Diamond |
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Softest mineral |
Talc |
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Property of reflecting light of one or mire wavelengths |
Color |
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Obvious property of a mineral but often an unreliable diagnostic property |
Color |
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The color of mineral in powdered form |
Streak |
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More reliable indication of color |
Streak |
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Does not vary even if the color of the mineral varies from sample to sample |
Streak |
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Degree to which a mineral will transmit light |
Transparency |
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Transparency can be |
Transparent mineral Translucent mineral Opaque mineral |
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Clear, allows passage of light, and images may be observed through a section of the mineral |
Transparent mineral |
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Allows passage of light but mineral is not clear and images cannot be observed through a section of the mineral |
Translucent mineral |
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No transparency |
Opaque mineral |
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Break may be |
Cleavage Fracture |
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Tendency of some minerals to break along definite smooth planes or along planes of weak bonding |
Cleavage |
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Mineral will break into pieces that have the same shape as the original sample |
Cleavage |
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Any break other than cleavage |
Fracture |
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Examples of Fracture |
Obsidian Quartz |
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External expression of a mineral's internal orderly arrangement of atoms |
Crystal Form/Crystalline Structure |
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A number which represents the ratio of the weight of the mineral to the weight of an equal amount of water |
Specific Gravity |
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Can be given through an estimate if a weighing apparatus is not available |
Specific Gravity |
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Minerals less than 2.5 |
Light |
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Minerals greater than 3 |
Heavy |
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Mineral Groups |
Silicates Rock-formers Metal minerals Gem minerals |
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Most common/ most abundant and largest group of minerals |
Silicates |
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Silicates are made up of |
Silicon Oxygen Other elements |
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Most abundant minerals in the earth's crust |
Silicon and oxygen |
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Silicates may be |
Ferromagnesian silicates Nonferromagnesian silicates |
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Dark in color |
Ferromagnesian silicates |
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Examples of ferromagnesian silicates |
Biotite Hornblende Olivine |
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Light in color |
Nonferromagnesian silicates |
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Examples of nonferromagnesian |
Muscovite Feldspar Quartz |
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Most plentiful group comprising over 50% of the earth's crust |
Feldspar |
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Second most abundant and the only common mineral made completely of silicon and oxygen |
Quatrz |
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Quatrz are made of completely |
Silicon Oxygen |
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Non-metallic minerals |
Rock-formers |
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Examples of Rock formers |
Carbonates Sulfates Oxides Sulfides Halides OxidesSulfidesHalidesPhosphatesHydroxides SulfidesHalidesPhosphatesHydroxides Phosphates HalidesPhosphatesHydroxides Hydroxides |
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Major rocj forming group worldwide |
Carbonates |
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Second most common mineral group |
Carbonates |
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Carbonates are made up of |
Carbon Oxygen Other elements |
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Most common member and a major constituent of rocks, limestone and marble |
Calcite |
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Included metal ores |
Metal minerals |
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Mineral deposits that have economic value |
Metal minerals |
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Native ore elements |
Gold Platinum Silver Copper Diamond |
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Only precious mineral that can be found pure in nature |
Gold |
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May be semiprecious or precious stones |
Gem minerals |
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Value determined by the size, lack of flaws, beauty of color, luster, hardness and perfection of crystal form |
Gem minerals |
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Found in igneous rocks |
Diamond and topaz |
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Found in metamorphic rocks |
Rubies and emerald |
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Found in primary rock deposit in sedimentary rocks |
Opal |
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Examples of precious gems |
Diamond Opal Sapphire Emerald Ruby |
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Examples of semi-precious stones |
Alexandrite Amethyst Moomstone Garnet Jade |
