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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pyrophyllite |
-Al -Sheet silicate -hydrothermal, schistose rocks |
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Serpentine |
-(Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4 -Sheet silicate -alteration of olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole |
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Chrysocolla |
-Cu, hydrous, amorphous -Sheet silicate -copper deposits
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Talc |
-Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 -Sheet silicate -hydrothermal alteration of mafic rocks, metamorphism |
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Phlogopite |
-K, Mg, Al, hydrous -Sheet silicate -contact and regional metamorphic |
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Diopside |
-CaMgSi2O6 -Chain silicate -metamorphosed limestones |
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Wollastonite |
-CaSiO3 -Chain silicate -metamorphosed, igneous rocks, skarn deposit |
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Microcline |
-KAlSi3O8 -Framework silicate -felsic rocks, metamorphic, hydrothermal |
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Nepheline |
-(Na,K)AlSiO4 -Framework silicate -alkaline igneous rocks |
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Leucite |
-KAlSi2O6 -Framework silicate -potassium rich mafic and ultramafic lavas |
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Bytownite |
-An70-An90, NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8 -Framework silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Sodalite |
-Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 -Framework silicate -rare mineral found in Si-deficient volcanic rocks |
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Andesine |
-An30-An50, NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8 -Framework silicate -igneous rocks, metamorphism |
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Cordierite |
-Mg2Al4Si5O18 -Ring silicate -metamorphosed, mafic igneous rocks and granites |
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Andalusite |
-Al2SiO5 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -metamorphic |
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Kyanite |
-Al2SiO5 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -metamorphic, regional |
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Sillimanite |
-Al2SiO5 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -around intrusive rocks, regionally metamorphosed |
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Topaz |
-Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -pegmatites, gemstone |
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Zircon |
-ZrSiO4 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks, gemstone |
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Staurolite |
-Fe, Al, hydrous -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -regionally metamorphosed |
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Epidote |
-Ca, Fe, Al, hydrous -Paired tetrahedral silicate -regional and contact metamorphic rocks, plagioclase |
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Vesuvianite |
-Ca, Fe, Mg, Al, hydrous -Paired tetrahedral silicate -skarns or regional metamorphism |
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Pyrolusite |
-MnO2 -Oxide -oxidizing conditions and high pH, manganese ore for steel |
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Cuprite |
-Cu2O -Oxide -copper deposits |
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Ilmenite |
-FeTiO3 -Oxide -accessory, igneous rocks |
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Carnotite |
-K2(UO2)2(VO4)*3(H2O) -Oxide -Colorado plateau type uranium deposits |
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Rutile |
-TiO2 -Oxide accessory, igneous rocks |
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Spinel |
-MgAl2O4 -Oxide -accessory mineral in igneous rocks
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Franklinite |
-ZnFe2O4 -Oxide -metamorphism |
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Romanechite |
-Ba, Mn -Hydroxide -ore of manganese for steel making, associated with pyrolusite |
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Pyrite |
-FeS2 -Sulfide -hydrothermal
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Cinnabar |
-HgS -Sulfide -low temperature hydrothermal mineral |
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Arsenopyrite |
-FeAsS -Sulfide -hydrothermal veins, pegmatites, contact metamorphic |
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Gypsum |
-CaSO4*2(H2O) -Sulfate -common, evaporites, sheetrock |
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Anhydrite |
-CaSO4 -Sulfate -evaporite, cap rock of salt domes |
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Scheelite |
-CaWO4 -Sulfate -contact metamorphic, hydrothermal, pegmatites |
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Siderite |
-FeCO3 -Carbonate -sedimentary, metamorphosed |
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Aragonite |
-CaCO3 -Carbonate -limestone caves, geysers and hot springs, iron deposits |
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Sylvite |
-KCl -Halide -evaporites, fertilizer |
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Apatite |
-Ca5(PO4)3F -Phosphate -accessory mineral in all rocks, phosphorous source |
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Copper |
-Cu -Native Element -sulfide copper deposits, electrical wire |
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Sulfur |
-S -Native Element -volcanic action |
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Opal |
-SiO2, hydrous, amorphous -N/A -altering volcanic |
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Biotite |
-K, Mg, Fe, Al, hydrous -Sheet silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Lepidolite |
-K, Li, Al, hydrous -Sheet silicate rare, pegmatites, lithium, batteries |
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Muscovite |
-K, Al, hydrous -Sheet silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Kaolinite |
-Al, hydrous -Sheet silicate -secondary mineral, weathering, ceramics |
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Chlorite |
-Mg, Fe, Al, hydrous -Sheet silicate -common rock forming mineral in metamorphic rocks |
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Actinolite |
-Ca, Mg, Fe, hydrous -Chain silicate -metamorphic |
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Hornblende |
-Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, hydrous -Chain silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Augite |
-Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, Al -Chain silicate -common rock forming mineral in mafic igneous rocks |
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Albite |
-NaAlSi3O8 -Framework silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Orthoclase |
-KALSI3O8 -Framework silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Quartz |
-SiO2 -Framework silicate -common, igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, hydrothermal, glass, silicon, computer chips, and solar cells |
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Labradorite |
-An50-An70, NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8 -Framework silicate -common rock forming mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Tourmaline |
-complex Li, hydrous -Ring silicate -accessory, igneous, metamorphic, pegmatite, gem |
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Beryl |
-Be3Al2Si6O18 -Ring silicate -gem, accessory mineral in some igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Garnet (Grossular) |
-X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X and Y are Ca and Al -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -common rock forming mineral in metamorphic rocks, accessory mineral in igneous rocks, abrasive |
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Titanite |
-CaTiSiO5 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks |
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Garnet (Pyrope) |
-X3Y2(SiO4)3, where X and Y are Fe and Al -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -common rock forming mineral in metamorphic rocks, accessory mineral in igneous rocks, abrasive |
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Olivine |
-(Fe,Mg)2SiO4 -Isolated tetrahedral silicate -common mineral in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks |
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Corundum |
-Al2O3 -Oxide -accessory, metamorphic, gemstone, abrasive |
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Hematite |
-Fe2O3 -Oxide -ore of iron, common mineral in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks |
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Magnetite |
-Fe3O4 -Oxide -ore of iron, accessory mineral in igneous rocks, havanese, Good Girl and Devil Dog |
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Geothite |
-FeO(OH) -Hydroxide -ore of iron, weathering product |
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Orpiment |
-As2S3 -Sulfide -rare hydrothermal, associated with realgar |
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Molybdenite |
-MoS2 -Sulfide -accessory, granites and pegmatites, alloy in steel |
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Sphalerite |
-ZnS -Sulfide -hydrothermal, an ore of zine, brass, galvanizing steel, associated with galena, pyrite, magnetite |
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Realgar |
-AsS -Sulfide -rare hydrothermal, associated with orpiment |
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Chalcopyrite |
-CuFeS2 -Sulfide -most important ore of copper, hydrothermal
|
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Galena |
-PbS -Sulfide -most important ore of lead, hydrothermal, associated with sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite |
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Nickeline |
-NiAs -Sulfide -hydrothermal, associated with chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite |
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Bornite |
-Cu5FeS4 -Sulfide -ore of copper, hydrothermal, associated with chalcopyrite, covellite, and pyrite |
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Barite |
-BaSO4 -Sulfate -hydrothermal, drilling mud |
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Celestine |
-SrSO4 -Sulfate -hydrothermal |
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Calcite |
-CaCO3 -Carbonate -common, sedimentary, metamorphic, hydrothermal, cement |
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Azurite |
-Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 -Carbonate -ore of copper, copper deposits, associated with malachite and cuprite |
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Dolomite |
-CaMg(CO3)2 -Carbonate -common sedimentary, hydrothermal, Mg substituting for Ca in limestone |
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Malachite |
-Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 -Carbonate -ore of copper, associated with azurite and cuprite |
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Halite |
-NaCl -Halide -common sedimentary, evaporite, chemical industry, a source of Na and Cl |
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Fluorite |
-CaF2 -Halide -hydrothermal, accessory mineral in some igneous rocks |
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Asbestos |
-fibrous mineral (many types of minerals) -N/A -includes chrysotile and riebeckite (crocidolite) |
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Bauxite |
-hydrous Al, amorphous, not a mineral -N/A -ore of aluminum, weathering product |
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Rhodochrosite |
-MnCO3 -Carbonate -rare hydrothermal |
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Graphite |
-C -Native Element -metamorphic, steel making and foundries |
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Sheet silicate |
Won't scratch glass (2.0-5.0)
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Chain silicate |
Might scratch glass (4.5-6.0) -Wollastonite won't |
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Framework silicate |
Will scratch glass (5.5-7.0) |
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Ring silicate |
Will scratch glass (7.0-8.0) |
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Isolated tetrahedral silicate |
Will scratch glass (4.5-7.5) -Titanite won't -Kyanite might |
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Paired tetrahedral silicate |
Will scratch glass (6.0-7.0) |
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Oxide |
Will scratch glass (2.0-9.0) -Hematite, Cuprite, and Ilmenite might -Carnotite won't |
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Hydroxide |
Won't scratch glass (1.0-5.5) |
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Sulfide |
Won't scratch glass (1.0-6.5) -Pyrite and Arsenopyrite will |
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Sulfate |
Won't scratch glass (2.0-5.0) |
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Carbonate |
Won't scratch glass (3.0-4.0) |
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Halide |
Won't scratch glass (2.0-4.0) |
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Phosphate |
Won't scratch glass (5.0) |
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Native Element |
Won't scratch glass (1.0-3.0) |
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N/A |
Won't scratch glass (1.0-6.5) -Opal might |
