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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the key characteristics of a mesomorph? |
Low levels of fat, builds muscle easily, wide shoulders, narrow hips, solid build. |
Swimmer's body. |
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What are the key characteristics of an ectomorph? |
Long, thin frame, narrow shoulders and hips, slim build, does not build muscle and fat easily. |
Long distance runners (Mo Farah) |
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What are the key characteristics of an endomorph? |
Wide hips, narrow shoulders, has a tendency to store fat. |
Sumo wrestler. |
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What factors affect optimum weight? |
Height, sex, bone structure, muscle girth. |
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What can anorexia nervosa cause to the body? |
fatigue, fainting/dizziness, dehydration, muscular atrophy, death. |
The body lacks nutrients and so... |
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What is the definition of underweight? |
Not weighing as much as you expected for your height and sex. |
It's in the name! |
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What is the difference between overweight and overfat? |
Overweight means you weight more than than the expected weight for your height and sex. Overfat means you have more body fat than you should have. You can be overweight but not unhealthy as it can be due to other factors such as muscle girth and bone density. |
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People who are extremely overfat are obese. High levels of excess fat can lead to... |
Mobility issues/lack of flexibility, additional stress on bones and joints, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, depression due to low self esteem. |
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What are some reasons athletes take anabolic steroids? |
To increase their chance of winning, due to pressure from others, to speed up recovery time, to allow them to train harder for longer. |
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Using performance-enhancing drugs is cheating. What are some health risks of taking these drugs? |
Liver damage, testicular atrophy, skin problems, mood swings, premature baldness. |
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In which sports could anabolic steroids provide an advantage? |
Activities requiring power, like sprinting and weight-lifting. |
Power-related activities. |
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What are some reasons that performers might take beta blockers? |
They have calming effect, they reduce muscle tremor or shaking, they increase the chances of winning, they allow the performer to remain in control, they reduce the performers anxiety. |
Calming effects. |
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Who might take beta blockers? |
Archers, target shooters, gymnasts, divers. |
Activities that include precision. |
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What are some health risks associated with beta blockers? |
Slows heart rate (and thus oxygen delivery too, therefore a drop in performance in endurance events), lowers blood pressure, sleep disturbance, leading to tiredness. |
Drops in... |
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What are some reasons performers might take diuretics? |
To achieve quick weight loss (due to loss of fluid from the body), to mask or hide other performance enhancing substances the performer may have taken. |
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What are health risks associated with diuretics? |
Dehydration, nausea, heart/kidney failure. |
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Who may use diuretics? |
Boxers, jockeys. |
People who benefit from being light. |
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Reasons performers might take narcotic analgesics: |
They give a sense of euphoria, they increase pain threshold, mask injuries, give a sense of being 'invincible'. |
Remember: they are painkillers! |
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Who might take narcotic analgesics? |
Sprinters, boxers, footballers, swimmers, many others. |
Remember: they are painkillers!
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What are the health risks associated with narcotic analgesics? |
Nausea/sickness, anxiety/depression, addiction, kidney/liver damage, loss of concentration, further damage to injury. |
Remember: they are painkillers!
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For what reasons might an athlete be tempted to take stimulants? |
To increase alertness, to reduce tiredness, to increase heart rate, to increase competitiveness, to increase levels of aggression. |
Increase... |
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Who might use stimulants? |
Performers who need an increase in aggression - such as rugby, boxing and ice hockey (performers who take 'physical knocks') OR performers who need to stay alert, such as long-distance cyclists or baseball players. |
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What are the health risks associated with stimulants? |
Insomnia, anxiety, increase in aggression, heart rate irregularities. |
What could happen to someone if they drink too much coffee? |
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Why might a performer take peptide hormones? |
Human Growth Hormone (HGH): can help increase muscle mass and therefore strength. Erythropietin (EPO): can help increase red blood cell production and therefore increase oxygen delivery to working muscles. |
HGH and EPO. |
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What are the health risks associated with peptide hormones? |
HGH: Arthritis, heart failure, abnormal growth in feet and hands, diabetes. EPO: Increased thickness of the blood, blood clots/ strokes, deep vein thrombosis, increased risk of heart attack. |
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Who might use peptide hormones? |
HGH: Any activity where an increase in strength would be helpful, eg. sprinting and weight lifting. EPO: Any activity were an increase in oxygen delivery would be useful, for example rugby, distance running and distance cycling. |
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