Mim Lecture 2

Front 1

2.1

immune exclusion

Back 1

innate immunity presenting pathogens from growing on skin and mucosal barriers

Front 2

2.2

mucins

Back 2

help clump bacteria

Front 3

2.3

lactoferrin

Back 3

iron binding glycoprotein

Front 4

2.4

cationic proteins

Back 4

sweat and secretions

Front 5

2.5

lysosomes contain

Back 5

- lysozymes
- lactoferrin
- histatins (histidine-rich proteins)
- cationic proteins

Front 6

2.6

desquamation

Back 6

shedding skin carries away bacterias

Front 7

2.7

defensins

Back 7

soluble antimicrobial factors

Front 8

2.8

functions of normal microbiota

Back 8

- compete for: nutrients, receptors
- produce antagonists
- maintainence low, constant expression of MHC 11
(keep immune system primed to encounter pathogens)
- cross protective antibodiesq

Front 9

2.9

PAMPs

pathogen associated molecular patterns

Back 9

foreign triggers for innate immunity and can signal immune cell cytokine secretion

Front 10

2.10

PAMPs for bacteria

Back 10

- peptidoglycan
- nucleic acid (unmethylated CpG DNA)
- Flagellin
- Pillin
- Lipopolysaccharide (Lipid A)
- Lipoteichoic Acid
- Glycolipids

Front 11

2.11

PAMPs: fungi

Back 11

- mannose
- zymosan

Front 12

2.12

PAMPs: viruses

Back 12

- double stranded RNA

Front 13

2.13

phagocytic cells

Back 13

- trash collectors of the immune system
- take up pathogens
- macrophages
- monocyte

inflammation:
- polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)
- neutrophil

Front 14

2.14

cells releasing inflammatory mediators

Back 14

- mast cells
- eosinophils

Front 15

2.15

antigen-presenting cells (APC)

Back 15

- take it up, break it up, display
- dendritic cells lie below the epithelium in the dermis and are alerted to invading foreign particles
- macrophages

Front 16

2.16

histamines in acute inflammation

Back 16

- break capillaries to leak, releasing phagocytes and clotting factors into cound

Front 17

2.17

MAC

membrane attack complexes

Back 17

- poke holes in membranes of pathogens

Front 18

2.18

Mannose-binding lectin (PRR)

Back 18

on bacteria surfaces, pattern recognition receptor

Front 19

2.19

C-reactive protein (PRR)

Back 19

binds phosphocholine on bacteria

Front 20

2.20

Complement components

Back 20

- facilitate uptake using C36 opsonin
- make potent chemokines for reinforcement using C3a, C4a and C5a

Front 21

2.21

Opsonin

Back 21

coat the surface of the bacteria, make it more readily phagocytosed

Front 22

2.22

interferons (IFN) alpha and beta

Back 22

- produced when virally infected host product double stranded RNA
- induced other uninfected and nucleated cells to be virally resistant
- give negative feedback to infected cells

Front 23

2.23

viruses, MHC I and NKs

Back 23

viruses down regulate MHC I => NKs look for cells w/ too few MHC I complexes

Front 24

2.24

MHC II

Back 24

present breakdown products of pathogens taken up extracellularly

Front 25

2.25

MHC I

Back 25

- monitors cytosolic bioreplication
- present pieces of whatever is being made on the surface of the cell to alert immune system
- keeps immune system 'on' at basal levels

Front 26

2.26

endocytic receptors

Back 26

- PRR on the surface of phagocytes
- like a handle on the cell
- recognize lots of capsule elements found on pathogens

Front 27

2.27

chemotasis

Back 27

phagocyte drawn to the infection site

Front 28

2.28

phagolysosome

Back 28

lysosome fuses w/ phagosome

Front 29

2.29

respiratory burst

Back 29

- takes up O2 in the phagolysosome
- to generate O2 intermediates (H2O2)
- No produced

Front 30

2.30

IL-8

Back 30

- chemotactic
- recruits granulocytes and T cells to infection

Front 31

2.31

IL-12

Back 31

- activate NK cells
induce differentiation of CD4 T cells -> TH1 cells

Front 32

2.32

acute phase response

Back 32

fevers and increased production of cytokines

Front 33

2.33

NK, gamma delta-T cell, CD5 beta cell

Back 33

- innate immune responders
- primitive forms of lymphocytes

Front 34

2.34

CD5 beta cells

Back 34

- B1 cells
- protects internal body cavities
- produce IgM

Front 35

2.35

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Back 35

- failure to fuse lysosome and phagosomes to form phagolysosomes
- immune cells will take up pathogens, but can't destroy them

Front 36

2.36

IL-1 and TNF-alpha

Back 36

- vascular endothelium to make them more leaky
- allowing other inflammatory and immune molecules access to the infection
- intracellular killing deficiency

Front 37

2.37

chronic granulomatous disease

Back 37

- failure to form killing agents in lysosomes
- no respiratory burst
- intracellular killing deficiency

- defect in the NADPH oxidase system -> failure to produce a superoxide radical
- deficiency of G6P dehydrogenase -> failure of respiratory burst
- deficiency of myeloperoxidase -> failure to produce halide oxidizing agents

Front 38

2.38

leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Back 38

- lack of cell adhesion molecules - WBC can't bind endothelium to be pulled out of blood
- infection in tissue, but don't see any inflammatory cells - all still in blood vessels.