Mike Music Lit Final

Front 1

timbre / tone color

Back 1

the unique qualities of sound produced by any instrument that distinguishes it from all others

Front 2

sine wave

Back 2

the basic wave pattern that all other sound are made of

Front 3

spectrum

Back 3

the specific set of individual vibrating components that make up any given sound

Front 4

frequency

Back 4

speed of sound vibration

Front 5

Hz/cps

Back 5

the number of back ad forth motions of a vibrating object per second / cycles per second

Front 6

kHz

Back 6

kiloHertz (thousands of vibrations per second)

Front 7

amplitude

Back 7

the displacement / relative strength of a vibration

Front 8

fundamental (frequency)

Back 8

the rate at which the whole string vibrates / strongest sense of pitch

Front 9

overtones

Back 9

vibrations that occur faster and higher than the fundamental

Front 10

complex waveform

Back 10

a complicated waveform that results from the fusion of the fundamental frequency and overtone vibrations

Front 11

resonator

Back 11

resonator is a physically body of an instrument that amplifies and attenuates frequencies to influence timbre

Front 12

woodwind instrument

Back 12

one of the four orchestral families: piccolo, flute, oboe, english horn, Bb clarinet

Front 13

brass instrument

Back 13

one of the four orchestral families: french horn, trumpet I, trumpet II, trombone , tuba

Front 14

string instrument

Back 14

one of the four orchestral families: violin I & II, Viola, Cello, Double Bass

Front 15

percussion instrument

Back 15

one of the four orchestral families: snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, tambourine, timpani, vibraphone

Front 16

chamber music

Back 16

instrumental combinations that consist of two or more performs

Front 17

Pierrot ensemble

Back 17

a piano, flute, clarinet, violin, cello, and voice. the combo represents an effective mix of timbres from the different orchestral families and covers all ranges. created for their heterogeny

Front 18

Orchestra

Back 18

a large ensemble consisting of tow or more instruments performing the same music or part

Front 19

string quartet

Back 19

violin I, violin II, viola, Cello

Front 20

brass quintent

Back 20

trumpet I, trumpet II, french horn, trombone, tuba

Front 21

articulation

Back 21

the actual manner of method by which sound is produced

Front 22

staccato

Back 22

marking indicating to shorten the note value

Front 23

legato

Back 23

play smoothly

Front 24

tenuto

Back 24

hold the note in question its full length or else play the note slightly louder

Front 25

slur

Back 25

symbol indicating legato articulation

Front 26

forte

Back 26

loud

Front 27

piano

Back 27

soft

Front 28

pizzicato

Back 28

plucking the string

Front 29

col legno

Back 29

strike strings with wood of bow

Front 30

tremolo

Back 30

A tremulous effect produced by rapid repetition of a single tone or by rapid alternation of two tones

Front 31

glissando

Back 31

a gliding effect achieved by woodwinds

Front 32

harmonic

Back 32

an by effect by which a player creates a tone placing his finger on a string at a spot that coincides with natural vibrations

Front 33

genre

Back 33

a category synonymous with the concept of style: Rock Jazz Blues Country Folk Electronica Easy Listening

Front 34

symphony

Back 34

a large scale multi-movement composition for full orchestra

Front 35

concerto

Back 35

a multi-movement orchestral work that pits a soloist such s a piano or violin "against" a full orchestra

Front 36

suite

Back 36

a collection of often fairly short, related movements for either a solo instrument or larger ensemble that was originally intended as dance music

Front 37

tone poem

Back 37

a large-scale, single movement orchestral work that attempts to portray a story or legend through music

Front 38

sonata

Back 38

a multi-movement work for solo instrument typically with keyboard accompaniment

Front 39

through-composed

Back 39

a continuous form that has no clear sections

Front 40

verse

Back 40

section of song delineated by clear portions of text that make up a complete idea

Front 41

refrain (chorus)

Back 41

short passages of text and music that repeat several times

Front 42

bridge

Back 42

a contrasting middle section often in a key other than the main verses

Front 43

strophic

Back 43

songs that use a single repeating section of music throughout their entirety

Front 44

blues form

Back 44

popular form characterized by a standardized arrangement of chords spanning 8 12 or 16 measures. (1 4 5 chords)

Front 45

simple verse-chorus form

Back 45

in those form a single A section repeats through out the song, but the chord progression does not follow the blues pattern

Front 46

popular song form

Back 46

a sectional form containing two very different sections arranged AABA (verse verse bridge verse)

Front 47

minuet and trio

Back 47

stylized aristocratic dance music

Front 48

themes and variations

Back 48

in this form the theme labeled A undergoes various transformations and elaboration each section is labeled A1 A2 A3 A4

Front 49

rondo

Back 49

a form in which a section A is repeated in alternation with one or others: A B A C A B A

Front 50

(simple) binary form

Back 50

2 part form:
||:A:||:B:||

Front 51

(simple) ternary form

Back 51

three part form providing similarity and contrast through design
A B A

Front 52

rounded binary

Back 52

||:A:||:BA:||

Front 53

compound form

Back 53

multi-sectional forms in which each section has a design equal to or more complex than the simple forms

Front 54

compound binary

Back 54

form with two main sections. a well known example is the military march form

Front 55

march form

Back 55

compound binary form popularized by composer Sousa
march:A A' B B' drum cadence trio:C C' D D'

Front 56

trio

Back 56

a section of the march which is made up of two internal sections of its own.

Front 57

compound ternary

Back 57

a compound design with three sections. a common example is the classical era Minuet and Trio
minuet: AA BA BA
trio: CC DC DC
minuet: A B A

Front 58

sonata form

Back 58

classical era form use most commonly for the first movement of a symphony and usually has a tempo marked allegro. contains exposition development and recapitulation and concludes with coda

Front 59

exposition

Back 59

the first part of a sonata. contains theme 1 in tonic, transition which modulates to dominant. theme 2 in the dominant and the concluding theme in V as well

Front 60

development

Back 60

this is the second section of the sonata form. this section allows for creativity. starting in the dominant the development can modulate to many keys.

Front 61

recapitulation

Back 61

the final section of the sonata form. contains theme 1, transition, theme 2, and concluding theme all in tonic. followed by a coda to finish the form.

Front 62

theme group

Back 62

a small number of closely related themes