Midterm Vocabulary

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Phillis Wheatley

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A slave girl in th U.S. who was taught to write by her owners. She wrote Poetry.

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Militiamen

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A person who is a member of a militia; a soldier by contract.

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Benedict Arnold

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An American general who lead trades during the Revolutionary War.

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Declaration of Independence

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Formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.

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Quakers

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A Christian movement founded by George Fox in 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles.

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Circuit Courts

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Court of appeals. Courts that review other courts decisions.

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Black Market

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Underground economy where illegal products and services are exchanged.

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Acculturation

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The process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group.

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A.M.E.Z

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African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church; officially formed in 1821 in New York City.

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Evangelism

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The spreading of the Christian gospel by public preaching or personal witness.

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Louisiana Purchase

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A land deal between the United States and France.

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Sacajawea

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Indigenous woman who helped Lewis and Clark in their expedition to explore the land acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.

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Fransois D. Toussaint L'Ouverture

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The best-known leader of the Haitian Revolution.

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Executive Power

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Person (s) in whom the supreme power of a government is vested.

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Excise Tax

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Taxes made on a specific good.

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Moors

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Members of a northwestern African Muslim people of mixed Berger and Arab descent.

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King Louis XVI

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Absolute monarch who ruled France during the French Revolution. Executed in 1793.

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Implied Powers

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Powers not directly stated in the U.S. Constitution, but still exercised to implement the expressed powers.

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Civil Liberties

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Personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot deny it's citizens without due process.

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Judiciary Act of 1789

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An act that allowed for the establishment of the Judicial Courts of the U.S.

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Electoral College

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A process for electing the President established under the Constitution as a compromise between a vote in Congress and by a popular vote of qualified citizens.

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Three Fifths Compromise

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A compromise made between the northern and southern colonies of the U.S.; compromise stated that 5 slaves would count as 3 people for taxation and representation purposes.

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Veto

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A constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law - making body.

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Ratification

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Formal validation of a proposed law. Usually by vote.

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Holyland

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Isreal

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Crusades

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A medieval military expedition made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land

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Bichameral

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Legislative body consisting of two branches or chambers.

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Articles of Confederation

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The original constitution of the U.S., ratified in 1781.

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Samuel Adams

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Helped organize the Boston Tea Party, also one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.

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Stamp Act

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An act on behalf of the British Parliament that imposed taxes on newspapers and legal and commercial documents on the American colonies.

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Pontiac

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Ottawa leader who aided the Americans during the struggle for the region of the Great Lakes against the British.

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King George III

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England's longest ruling Monarch before Queen Victoria. Ruled during the American Recolution.

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Treaty of Paris

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An agreement between the kingdoms of France, Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal over land following the Seven Years' War

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The Enlightenment

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A European intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.

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Stone Rebellion

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Largest slave rebellion that took place in South Carolina in 1739.

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The Middle Passage

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The triangular trade of millions of Africans between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

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House of Burgesses

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The first legislative assembly in the American colonies that was held in Jamestown.

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Jamestown

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The second permanent English settlement in the Americas.

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The Hopi

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A Native American tribe who constructed large apartment - house complexes. Referred to as the Pueblo people.

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St. Agustine

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The oldest city in the U.S.

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Serfs

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A person in a condition of servitude. Usually in a feudalist system.

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Protestantism

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A form of Christian faith that originated with the Protestant Reformation.

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Conquistadors

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Spanish soldiers.

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Columbian Exchange

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Refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges in the New and Old worlds.

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Timbuktu

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A historical city in the West African nation of Mali.

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Amerigo Vespucci

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Italian explorer who America was named after.

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Songhai Empire

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Once one of the largest trading empires in Africa.

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Aztecs

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Indigenous peoples of Mexico

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Ferdinand and Isabella

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The Catholic Monarchs known for completing the Reconquista.

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Vikings

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Scandinavian seafaring pirates and traders.