Midterm Study Question Pg 1

Front 1

The Scientific method is true

Back 1

a theory is a hypothesis that has withstood many scientific test

Front 2

Uniformitarism

Back 2

geologic process we observe today have been operated in the past

Front 3

Earth's Oldness

Back 3

4.5 billion years

Front 4

Earth's core made up off

Back 4

iron

Front 5

earth exchanges _____ with the rest of the cosmos

Back 5

energy and mass

Front 6

solar energy energizes all of the following major components except

Back 6

lithosphere

Front 7

plates of plates tetonic

Back 7

lithosphere

Front 8

motion of flow of material where hot matter rises from bottom and cool matter sinks from surface

Back 8

convection

Front 9

bulk of the earth

Back 9

mantle

Front 10

earths major layers include (from outermost to innermost)

Back 10

crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

Front 11

global geosystems

Back 11

climate system, geodynamo system, plate tetonic system

Front 12

Magnetic reversal

Back 12

The earth's north and south pole flips

Front 13

proposed theory of continental dirt

Back 13

Alfred Wegener

Front 14

New lithosphere is created

Back 14

Mid ocean ridges

Front 15

Associated with a divergent late boundary

Back 15

all the above

Front 16

type of plate boundary do the deepest earthquake occur

Back 16

convergent

Front 17

Type of convergent plate boundary

Back 17

subduction zone

Front 18

mountain ranged form as a result of ocean continent convergence

Back 18

the andes

Front 19

west coast of south america

Back 19

a convergent plate boundary

Front 20

example of transform plate boundary

Back 20

san andreas fault

Front 21

plate parallel to the direction of the plate movement

Back 21

transform plate boundaries

Front 22

determine rates of plate motions

Back 22

all the above

Front 23

Modern seafloor spreading

Back 23

2 to 15 cm per year

Front 24

how old are the oldest rocks on the ocean floor

Back 24

200 million years old

Front 25

when did supercontinent Pangaea being to break apart

Back 25

200 million years ago

Front 26

intense localized volcanism such as hawaii from above plumes of fast rising material

Back 26

deep mantle

Front 27

Hawian Volcanoes are

Back 27

not located at a plate boundary

Front 28

Mid ocean ridges are also refer to

Back 28

spreading centers

Front 29

Mount St. Helen

Back 29

Cascade range

Front 30

Great Rift of East Africa is

Back 30

divergent boundary

Front 31

solid materials that do not posses an orderly arrangment of atom

Back 31

glasses

Front 32

substances is not considered a mineral

Back 32

coal

Front 33

isotopes

Back 33

the same number of protons but different atomic masses

Front 34

atoms containing 8 proton 9 neutrons and 10 electrons

Back 34

+2

Front 35

Na+

Back 35

sodium cation

Front 36

a sodium (Na) chlorine (Cl) bond in NACI

Back 36

one electron is transfer from the sodium atom to the chlorine atom

Front 37

diamond is a example of what bonding

Back 37

covalent

Front 38

crystalline arrangement

Back 38

crystallization

Front 39

chief iron ore

Back 39

iron oxide

Front 40

mined as oxide

Back 40

iron

Front 41

clevage

Back 41

splitting of mineral along planar surfaces

Front 42

following statement false

Back 42

the most common mineral in earth's crust is quartz

Front 43

silica tetrahedra readily bonds with cations

Back 43

it has a negative charge

Front 44

identity of rock is dependent on

Back 44

texture

Front 45

solidification of molten rock

Back 45

igneous rocks

Front 46

Minerals that contain metallic elements

Back 46

ore minerals

Front 47

Minerals that contain metalliac elements

Back 47

ore minerals

Front 48

does not depend on the chemical composition of an igneous rock / magma

Back 48

grain size

Front 49

igneous rock crystallize on earth surface

Back 49

basalt

Front 50

igneous rock that d/n consist of volcanic gas

Back 50

gabbro

Front 51

minerals found in both mafic and felsic igneous rocks

Back 51

plagioclase feldspar

Front 52

igneous rock of the crust and underlies virtually all of the floors of the ocean

Back 52

basalt

Front 53

felsic igneous rocks is true

Back 53

felsic crystallizes at lower temperature than mafic rocks

Front 54

for a rock of a specific composition

Back 54

the melting tempt increases with the increasing pressure

Front 55

palisades sill

Back 55

mafic

Front 56

large igneous bodies that form @ depth of Earth's crust

Back 56

plutons

Front 57

igneous bodies concordant instrusive rock

Back 57

sill

Front 58

how can a sill be distinguished from lava flow

Back 58

rock above and below a sill will show evidence of heating but only the rocks below the lava will show evidence of heating

Front 59

fluid induced melting generates magma

Back 59

subduction zone

Front 60

types of magma form when undergoes decompression

Back 60

mafic

Front 61

tetonic setting has the greatest range

Back 61

convergent plate boudaries

Front 62

classification of igneous rocks is dependent

Back 62

the relative proportions of slicate minerals

Front 63

rock sorrounding and intrusive igneous body

Back 63

country rocks

Front 64

Presence of water will_______

Back 64

decreases

Front 65

A large mineral sorrounded by much smaller mineral in an igneous rock is

Back 65

pumice

Front 66

difference bet intrusive and extrusive igneous rock is

Back 66

where it solidifies

Front 67

molten rock beneath earth's surface

Back 67

magma

Front 68

about lava is true

Back 68

high temperature lavas are less viscous than low temperature lavas

Front 69

basaltic lava flow that has a ropy folded surface

Back 69

pahoehoe

Front 70

solidified fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air

Back 70

pyroclasts

Front 71

slope of a cinder cone

Back 71

the maximum angle at which cinders remains stable

Front 72

type of volcanoe that consist both lava flow and pyroclastic deposits

Back 72

a stratovolcano

Front 73

huge mudflows

Back 73

lahars

Front 74

Nevada del ruiz

Back 74

a large mudflow of volcanic debris

Front 75

main contituent of volcanic gas

Back 75

water vapor

Front 76

volcanic gases from aerosoles

Back 76

sulfur dioxide

Front 77

Mount pinatubo

Back 77

carbon dioxide

Front 78

world's active volcanoes

Back 78

pacific ocean

Front 79

least likely to signal an impeding volcanic eruptions

Back 79

tsunamis

Front 80

magma generated in earth's interior rises

Back 80

less dense

Front 81

basaltic lava that cools under water forms distinct_______ features

Back 81

pahoehoe

Front 82

volcanic erruptions endanger commerical air traffics

Back 82

volcanic ash lofted into the air can damage engines

Front 83

avg rate of temperature increases with depth in the earth's crust

Back 83

30 C/km

Front 84

following processes will cause metamorphism

Back 84

all of the above

Front 85

general pressures in all directions

Back 85

confining pressure

Front 86

highest metemorphic grade

Back 86

gnesis

Front 87

split easily into thin sheets along smooth parrallel surfaces

Back 87

slate

Front 88

metamporphism caused by high temp and high pressure

Back 88

regional

Front 89

metamorphism caused by igneous intrusions

Back 89

contact metamorphism

Front 90

metamorphic changes in shale with increasing metamorphic grade

Back 90

slate shicst gensis

Front 91

light colored rocks with coarse bands

Back 91

gnesis

Front 92

pt path occurs

Back 92

burial and heating

Front 93

hardening of sediments to sedimentary rocks

Back 93

lithification

Front 94

accumulations of solid fragments produced by weathering

Back 94

clastic sediments

Front 95

transportation of sediments is false

Back 95

smaller particles settle faster than larger particles

Front 96

procesess occurs during lithification

Back 96

all of these may occur in lithification

Front 97

burial of sediment increasing results in

Back 97

increasing pressure and increasing temperature

Front 98

sedimentary procesess take place

Back 98

at or near earth's surface

Front 99

Geoscientist

Back 99

all of the above