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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mary Seacole |
-born in Jamaica -denied access to Nightingale due to race -specialized in treating disease -nursed soldiers in the Crimean War -mid 1800's |
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Florence Nightingale
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-1820-1910
-founder or organized/professional nursing -reformed British army medical corps -improved sanitation in India -improved public health in Britain -used stats to document health outcomes -developed organized training for nurses |
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Clara Barton |
-Founder of American Red cross -volunteer nurse during civil war
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Lillian Wald |
-public health pioneer (early 1900's) -established practice in NYC provide care and preventitive education -occupational health to improve employee productivity
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Civil War |
-1861-1865 -mostly volunteer nurses -unsanitary conditions - Important nurses H tubman, S Truth, and S King Taylor Post Civil war: -number of nurse training schools increased -establishment of African American hospitals and nursing schools |
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1900-WW1 |
-states started to require nurses to be registered -students must have graduated hs |
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WW1 and the 1920's |
-healthcare moved from home to hospitals -surgical and diagnostic techniques greatly improved -discovery of insulin and precursor of penicillin -war offers nurses chances to advance |
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Great Depression |
? |
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Nursing in the 21st century |
duties and responsibilities changing, shortage, affordable care act |
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Effects of Nurse Reinvestment Act |
-signed by GW Bush in 2002 to help with nursing shortage -provided scholarships, PSA promotion, loan programs to encourage career
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Image of Nursing in 1930s |
-Angel of Mercy -The movie "The White Angel" depicting Nightingale portrayed nursing as holy, professional -Statue "spirit of nursing" placed in Arlington cemetery |
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Image of Nursing in 1960s |
-Antiestablishment era -'One flew over the cuckoos nest' nurse was mean and stern -nurses of era developed coronary, intensive and dialysis care units -First nurse practitioner program |
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Image of Nursing in 1970s |
-Nurses in the show 'MASH' were sexualized but did highlight their role in the war. -used humor to cope with war |
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Public beliefs about nursing |
-considered most ethical career except in 2001 (i.e. Fireman/9/11) -"woman's profession" -good income, job security, and meaningful -little job independence |
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ADN |
-associate degree in community college -basic technical RN positions -prepares for RN license -1-2 years |
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Diploma program |
-prepares for RN license -hospital based program -basic RN positions within hospital/agency care -2-3 years |
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practical/vocational program |
-prepares for LVN or LPN license -high school/technical school based program -basic technical bedside care in hospitals, nursing homes, home care -9 to 12 months |
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AACN |
-American association of colleges of nursing -provides the 'essentials of baccalaureate education for professional nursing practice' |
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BSN |
-prepares for RN license -college/university based program -professional RN, community and public health, prepares students for grad school and certificate programs -16 months to 4 years |
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MSN |
-university based program -require BSN graduate -advanced clinical practice, management, education, leadership positions -1-2 years |
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PhD, DSN, DNP, DNSc |
-nursing research, clinical practice, education, leadership -program length varies |
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AACN Essential I |
Liberal education for baccalaureate generalist nursing practice
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AACN Essential II |
Basic organizational and systems leadership for quality care and patient safety |
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AACN Essential III |
Scholarship for evidence based practice |
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AACN Essential IV |
info management and application of patient care technology |
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AACN Essential V |
Health care policy, finance and regulatory enviornments |
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AACN Essential VI |
interprofessional communication and collaboration for improving patient health outcomes |
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AACN Essential VII |
Clinical (disease) prevention and population health |
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AACN Essential VIII |
Professionalism and professional values |
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AACN Essential IX |
Baccalaureate Generalist nursing practice |
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Nursing theory |
compilation of data that defines and relates info that explains the past and predicts future trends - provide a foundation for developing models or frameworks for nursing practice development |
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Nightingales theory - 7 points |
-environmental adaptation theory for the promotion of health, the 'canons' of nursing: 1. ventilation/warming of air: fresh and cool 2. noise : calm, possible music 3. variety: art, colors, flowers, crafts 4. diet 5. light: take patient outside, big windows with blinds open 6. Chattering hopes and advices: don't do it! 7. Cleanliness - keep enviornment and self clean
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Watson Theory |
-Theory of human caring: transpersonal caring as the fulcrum. Philosophy and science as core of nursing. -10 'carative' factors -importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust and interpersonal skills |
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Henderson Theory |
-14 basic needs: physiological, spiritual and sociological functions that guide patient towards independence |
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Leininger Theory |
-culturally sensitive care and diversity |
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Orem Theory |
-self-care model. measure patients deficits vs their self care needs. measures put in place to assist them with their needs and helping them reach independence |
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Research Process - 10 steps |
1. formulating the research question or problem 2. defining the purpose of the study 3. reviewing related literature 4. formulating hypotheses and defining variables 5. selecting the research design 6. selecting the population, sample and setting. 7. conducting pilot study 8. collecting the data 9. analyzing the data 10. communicating conclusions |
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Quantitative Design |
-intend to apply knowledge from smaller sample of subjects to a larger population, cause and effect -uses surveys, needs assessment, experimental, quasi experimental, methodologic, meta-analysis, secondary analysis |
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Qualitative Design |
-method of research for discovery rather than verification, describe experiences and give them meaning -uses: interviewing (one-on-one so very hard to make generalizations about a population) |
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Triangulation |
-use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept -usually uses qualitative and quantitative methods to reach holistic understanding |
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Pilot Studies |
-small version of study to develop or refine method for larger study -also called feasibility study |
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Needs assesment |
collects data for estimating the needs of a group for resource allocation |
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Methodologic |
collects data to improve the reliability and validity of research instruments |
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Meta-analysis |
-merging of findings from several studies allowing for more conclusive generalizations |
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Evidence Based Practice |
process of finding, appraising and using research findings as the basis for clinical practice |
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Research utilization |
subset of EBP that takes research findings and attempts to see how best to utilize them |
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CNS |
clinical nurse specialist: graduate prepared nurese who provides direct care to clients and participants in health education and research |
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CNR |
Clinical nurse researcher: doctorally prepared nurse who directs clients and participants in clinical research |
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Federal statutes |
mandate a minimum standard of care amongest all health care settings that receive federal funding |
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Federal false claims act |
make it offense to submit false claim to gov. for the payment of health care services |
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Emergency medical treatment and active labor law |
"anti-dumping" law, can't refuse care or transfer unwanted patients to other facility |
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Patient self-determination act |
-pnt can express preference about end of life care -hostipital must provide decision making rights -pnt can accept/refuse care |
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health insurance portability and accountability act |
-ensures confidentiality of patients health info |
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State statutes |
-detail conduct of licensed nurses, define behavior of all health care professionals promoting public health/welfare |
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State nursing practice act and board of nursing rules and regulations |
-defines scope and limitations of nurses -vary state to state |
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Nurse patient ratios and mandatory overtime |
CA first state to enact law that mandiates the establishment of min nurse patient ratios in acute facilities |
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Child Abuse reporting statues |
requires reporting of specific health problems and susupected or confirmed abuse of children |
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common law |
-laws made by decision or judge created by cases heard in courts |
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assault and battery |
need to ask permission/document patient having gave verbal communication before touching patient |
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defamation of charcter |
commenting on patient that is seen as personal attack on reputation, libel or slander |
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false imprisonment |
can't restrain patient even if harm is suspected |
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intentional infliction of emotional distress |
nurse behavior causes patient emotional distress |
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invasion of privacy |
nurse needs to maintain patient confidentiality |
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the nurse and criminal law |
written through criminal statutes and codes |
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Autonomy |
respect of person. person free to have own actions and judgements |
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beneficence |
promote goodness, kindness and charity |
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nonmaleficience |
do not inflict harm |
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veracity |
principle of telling truth |
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Right to veracity |
patients expect honesty and provider expects honesty too |
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Right to autonomy |
freedom to make choices concerning ones own health. |
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right of acccountability |
nurse needs to answerable legally, morally, ethically and socially. Despite patient. Ex) convicted felon, nurse needs to still do job |
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Situation assessment procedure - 4 steps |
1. identify the ethical issues and problems 2. identify and analyze available alternatives for action 3. select on alternative 4. Justify alternative |
