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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Analog Communication
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Uses continuously varying signals corresponding to the light or sounds originated by the source.
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Asynchronous Media
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Are not condumed simultaneously by all members of the audience.
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Blog
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Short for web log, is a personal home page with commentary addressed to the web audience.
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Channel
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Is an electronic or mechanical system that links the source to the receiver.
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Communication
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Is an exchange of meaning.
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Convergence
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Is the integration of mass media, computers, and telecommunications.
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Copywright
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Is the legal right to control intellectual property.
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Digital
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Means computer-readable, formatted in 1s and 0s.
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Digital Divide
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Is the gap in Internet usage between rich and poor, Anglos and minorities.
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Gatekeepers
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Decide what will appear in the media.
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Interactive Communication
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Uses feedback to modify a message as it is presented.
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Mass Communication
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Is one-to-many, with limited audience feedback.
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Mediated
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Is communication transmitted through an electronic or mechanical channel.
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Narrowcasting
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Targets media to specific segments of the audience.
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Offshoring
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Is the export of jobs to other countries.
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Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
(SMCR) |
Model of mass communication describes the exchange of information as the message passes from the source to the channel to the receiver, with feedback to the source.
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Telecommunications Act of 1996
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Is a federal legislation that deregulated the communications media.
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Barriers to Entry
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Are obstacles companies must overcome to enter a market.
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Copyright Royalty Fee
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Is a payment for use of a creative work.
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Critical Studies
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Examine the overall impact of media.
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Diffusion
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Is the spread of innovations.
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Duopoly
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Exists when two companies dominate.
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Economics Studies
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The forces that allocate resources to satisfy competing needs.
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Economies of Scale
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Are when unit costs go down as production quantities increase.
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Electronic Markets Theory
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Explains that people use e-commerce to minimize their search and transaction costs.
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Functionalism
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Examines the social functions media fulfill.
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Hegemony
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Is an underlying consensus of ideology that serves the dominant groups in society.
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Law of Supply and Demand
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Describes the relationship among the supply of products, prices, and consumer demand.
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Marginal Cost
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Is te incremental costs of each additional copy.
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Media Literacy
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Means learning to think critically abou tht erole of media in society.
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Monopoly
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Exists when one company dominates a market.
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Oligopoly
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Is when a few firms dominate.
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Political Economy
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Analyzes patterns of class denomination and economic power.
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Profit
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What is left after operating costs, taxes, and paybacks to investors.
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Semiotic Analysis
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Describes how meaning is generated athrought the "signs" used in media "texts."
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Syndication
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Is rental or licensing of media products.
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Technological Determinism
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Explains that the media cause changes in society and culture.
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Theories
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Are general principles that explain and predict behavior.
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Almanacs
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Are book-length collectoins of useful facts, calendars and advice.
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Backlist
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Books that are not actively promoted but are still in print.
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Censorship
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Is the prohibition of certain media contents by government, religious, or other societal authorities.
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Computer-to-plate Technology
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Transfers page images composed inside a computer directly to printing plates.
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Conglomerates
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Are made up of dieverse parts from across several media industries.
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Desktop Publishing
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Is editing, laying out, and inserting photos on a desktop computer.
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Dime Novels
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Were inexpensive paperback novels of the 19th century.
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Economies of Scale
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Are when unit costs go down as production quantities increase.
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Genres
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Are types of formats of media content.
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Intellectual Property
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Is creative work.
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Literacy
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The ability to read and understand a variety of information.
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Miscellanies
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Were magazines with a wide variety of contents.
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Muckraking
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Is journalism that "rakes up the muck" of corruption and scandal.
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Newsmagazines
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Is a weekly magazine focused on news and analysis.
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Novel
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Is extended fictional works usually of book length.
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Print-on-demand Technology
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Prints books only when they are ordered by customers.
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Subscription Libraries
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Lent books to the public for a fee.
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Corantos
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Were irregular news sheets that appeared around 1600.
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Diurnos
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Were 17th-century ancestors of the daily newspaper.
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Gatekeeping
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Is deciding what will appear in the media.
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Joint Operation Agreements
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Allow competing newspapers to share resources while aintaining editorial independence.
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Libel
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Is a harmful and untruthful critism that damages someone.
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Local Market Monopoly
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Is domination of one or more local markets by a firm.
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Marketplace of Ideas
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Is the concept that the best ideas will win out in competition.
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New Journalism
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Was the investigative reporting of the 19th century.
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Penny Press
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Were daily newspapers that sold for one cent.
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Plagiarism
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Is using the ideas of others without citation.
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Seditious Speech
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Undermines the government.
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Social Responsibility Model
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Calls on journalists to monitor the ethics of their own writing.
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Tabloids
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Are newspapers focused on popular, sensational events.
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Wire Services
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Supply news to multiple publications; they were named originally for their use of telegraph wires.
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Yellow Journalism
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Was the sensationalistic reporting of the the 19th century.
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Telecommunications Act of 1996
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Deregulated radio ownership rules.
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Affiliate
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Is a station that contracts to use the programming of a network.
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Amplitude Modulation
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Carries information in the height, or amplitude, of the radio wave.
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Chain-broadcasting
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Is synonymous with a broadcasting network.
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Common Carriers
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Must carry any signal and cannot own the content.
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Concentration of Ownership
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Occurs when media are owned by a small number of corporations.
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Copyright
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Is a legal privilege to use, sell, or license creative works.
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Cross-ownership
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Is ownership of different kinds of media.
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Format Clock
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An hourly radio programming schedule.
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Frequency
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The number of cycles that radio waves complete in a second.
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Frequency Modulation
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Carries information in variations in the frequency of the radio wave.
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Geosynchronous Satellite
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A satellite whose rotation matches that of the earth so it stays in a fixed position relative to the earth's surface.
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Group Owner
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Owns a number of broadcast stations.
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Hertz
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A measurement of the frequency of a radio wave in cycles/second.
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Indecent Speech
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Graphic language that pertains to sexual or excretory functions.
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Licenses
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Grant legal permission to operate a radio transmitter.
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Lower-power Station
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Has more limited transmission power and cover smaller areas than regular FM stations.
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O&O
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Is a station owned and operated by a network.
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Obscene Speech
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Depicts sexual conduct in a way that appeals to secual interests in a manner that is "patently offensive" to community standards, and lacks serious artistic, political, or scientific value.
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Patents
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Give an inventor the exclusive rights to an innovation.
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Playlist
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Contains the songs picked for air play.
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Public Broadcaster
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Aims to serve public interests with information, culture, and news.
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Radio Act of 1912
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First licensed radio transmitters.
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Radio Act of 1927
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Created a Federal Radio Commission.
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Radio Waves
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Are composed of electromagnetic energy and rise and fall in regular cycles.
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Rating
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Measures how many people are listening to a station.
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Syndication
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Rental or licensing of media products.
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Top 40
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A radio format that replays the top 40 songs heavily.
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Vacuum Tubes
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Amplify and modulate signals by controlling the flow of electrical charges inside a glass tube.
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Webcast
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A broadcast on the World Wide Web.
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B-movie
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A cheaply and quickly made genre film.
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Compositing
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Is merging several layers of imagees that were shot seperately.
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Concentration of Power
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Integration of many aspects of media into one compay creates concerns about political control and loss of diversity.
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Digital Video
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Recorded, edited, and often transmitted in digital form as used by computers.
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Feature Film
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A longer story film, usually over 1.5 hours.
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Film Noir
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Were "dark" moody American films of the 1940s often focused on detectives or similar themes.
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Fin-Syn
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Financial interest in Syndication; rules that kept TV networks from producing or owning entertainment programming.
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First-run Distribution
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For films is to movie theaters.
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Front Projection
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Lets actors be photographed in front of an image so that they appear part of it.
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Gross
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Is the total box office revenue before expenses are deducted.
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Independent Film
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Made by a wide variety of people outside the control of the major studios.
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Mattes
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Background paintings or photographs that are combined with performers in the foreground.
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Motion Picture Code of 1930
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A self-regulation of sez on screen by the motion picture industry.
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MPAA
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Is a trade organization that represents the major film studios.
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MPAA Ratings
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A movie rating system instituted in 1968.
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Nonlinear Editing
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Uses digital equipment to rearrange scenes to make the master copy.
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Postproduction
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Includes editing, sounds effects, and visual effects that are added after shooting the original footage.
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Rear Projection
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Effects have images projected behind performers who are in the foreground.
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Star System
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Was the film studios' use of stars' popularity to promote their movies.
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Studio System
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In Hollywood: to put all aspects of a film together in one production and distribution company.
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Talkies
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Motion pictures with synchronized sound for dialogue.
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Theatrical Film
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Released for distribution in movie theaters.
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Vertical Integration
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When companies with the same owner handle different aspects of a business, such as film production and distribution.
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Windows
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Separate film release times for different channels or media.
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Affiliate
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Contracts with networks to distribute their prgramming.
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Affiliate Fees
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Monthly per-subscriber fees that cable programming services charge local cable operators for their programs.
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Cable Television
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Transmits television programs via coaxial cable or fiber.
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Coaxial Cable
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High-capacity wire used for cable television transmission.
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Community Access
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Means created by community residents without the in volvement of the cable operator.
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Cost per Thousand
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How much a commercial costs in relation to the number of viewers that see it, in thousands.
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Direct Broadcast Satellite
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Transmit programs via satellite directly to home antennas.
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Distant Signals
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Cable channels imported from major television markets.
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High-definition Television
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Digital television that provides a wider and clearer picture.
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Horizontal Integration
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Concentrating ownership by acquiring companies that are all in the same business.
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Local Origination
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Created within the community by the cable operator.
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Microwave
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Transmits information between relay towers on beams of high-frequency radio waves.
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Multiple System Operator
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A cable company that operates systems in two or more communities.
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Must Carry
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Policy that requires cable companies to carry local broadcast signals.
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Narrowcasting
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Targets media to specific segments of the audience.
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Owned-and-Operated Station
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Station owned and operated by networks.
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Pay TV
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Charges cable customers an extra monthly fee to receive a specific channel.
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Pay-per-view
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Charges viewers for each showing of a program.
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Ratings
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Measure the proportion of television households that watch a specific show.
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Scanning
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Making TV pictures out of a series of seperate picture lines.
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Superstation
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A distant signal that is distributed nationally via satellite.
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Syndication
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Rental or licensing of media products.
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Television Receive-only
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Was a backyard satelllite system that let individual homes receive the same channels intended for cable systems.
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UHF
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Ultra-high frequency; channels 14-49.
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Underwriting
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Corporate financial support of public television programs in return for a mention of the donor on the air.
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VHF
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Very high frequency television band; channels 2-13.
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