Midterm Government

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Unitary Government

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A form of government where power resides at the central or national government level

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Confederate

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A form of government where power resides at the state or local level

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Federal

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A form of government where power is divided and shared between the national and state level of governments

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define government & politics

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government- the institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society

politics- the processes by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies these leaders pursue

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issue/problem/concern of the people

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the interests, problems and concerns help put political issues get on the policy agenda

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What are some key reasons why the Revolutionary war started between the colonists and the British?

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The British taxed the colonies without representation and the wanted independence

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What is the significance of the supremacy clause and the 10th Amendment in regards to federalism?

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The supremacy clause states, that from Article VI of the constitution, the supreme law of land rest in the constitution, the national government, and treaties and the Tenth Amendment continues by stating that any powers not rested to the national government is given to the state government and the people

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linkage institutions

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the political channels through which people's concerns become political issues policy agenda

examples: political parties, elections, media, interest groups

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What are some key reasons why the Revolutionary war started between the colonists and the British?

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The British taxed the colonies without representation and the wanted independence

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What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence?

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It stated the grievances of the colonies against the British monarch and the colonies declared their independence

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What is the significance of the supremacy clause and the 10th Amendment in regards to federalism?

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The supremacy clause states, that from Article VI of the constitution, the supreme law of land rest in the constitution, the national government, and treaties and the Tenth Amendment continues by stating that any powers not rested to the national government is given to the state government and the people

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Enumerated Powers (National)

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-coin money

-conduct foreign relations

-propose amendments to constitution

Provide an army and navy

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What are some key reasons why the Revolutionary war started between the colonists and the British?

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The British taxed the colonies without representation and the wanted independence

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What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence?

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It stated the grievances of the colonies against the British monarch and the colonies declared their independence

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Consent of the Governed

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For a government to garner legitimacy, the authority of that government should depend on the permission of the people

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policy agenda

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the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actually involved in politics at any given point in time.

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What are some key reasons why the Revolutionary war started between the colonists and the British?

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The British taxed the colonies without representation and the wanted independence

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What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence?

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It stated the grievances of the colonies against the British monarch and the colonies declared their independence

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Consent of the Governed

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For a government to garner legitimacy, the authority of that government should depend on the permission of the people

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Social Contract Theory

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The voluntary agreement among the government and its people in that the citizens give up some of their natural rights so that the government can protect them and provide services, if the government breaks this contract it can be abolished

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What are some key reasons why the Revolutionary war started between the colonists and the British?

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The British taxed the colonies without representation and the wanted independence

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What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence?

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It stated the grievances of the colonies against the British monarch and the colonies declared their independence

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Consent of the Governed

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For a government to garner legitimacy, the authority of that government should depend on the permission of the people

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Social Contract Theory

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The voluntary agreement among the government and its people in that the citizens give up some of their natural rights so that the government can protect them and provide services, if the government breaks this contract it can be abolished

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Limited government

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Clear restrictions on the government's power

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political issue

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an issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it

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Reserved Powers (State)

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-Conduct elections

-Regulate commerce (trade) within a state (intrastate)

-Establish local governments

-Education

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What are some key reasons why the Revolutionary war started between the colonists and the British?

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The British taxed the colonies without representation and the wanted independence

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What was the significance of the Declaration of Independence?

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It stated the grievances of the colonies against the British monarch and the colonies declared their independence

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Consent of the Governed

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For a government to garner legitimacy, the authority of that government should depend on the permission of the people

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Social Contract Theory

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The voluntary agreement among the government and its people in that the citizens give up some of their natural rights so that the government can protect them and provide services, if the government breaks this contract it can be abolished

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Limited government

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Clear restrictions on the government's power

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Natural Rights

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These are rights to which people are entitled by natural law and not dependent on a government to provide, which include life, liberty, and property

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Concurrent Powers

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-Borrow money

-Make and enforce laws

-Spend money for the general welfare

-Tax

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policymaking institutions

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the branches of government charged with taking action on political issues.

examples: congress, the presidency, the courts

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What are the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

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The federal government couldn't tax, the federal government couldn't draft troops, and the federal government overall had little to no power

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public policy/policy

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public policy- a choice that government makes in response to a political issue.

policy- a course of action taken with regard to some problem

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How did the political power shift within the states as a result of the articles of Confederation?

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The power shifted to the middle class(farmers and craft workers) instead of the of the old elite(professionals,wealthy merchants, and large landholders) having a majority of power

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Describe the elastic clause (necessary and Proper Clause)

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The statement in the constitution which says that Congress has the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its duties, giving Congress it's implied powers

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How did the political power shift within the states as a result of the articles of Confederation?

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The power shifted to the middle class(farmers and craft workers) instead of the of the old elite(professionals,wealthy merchants, and large landholders) having a majority of power

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What was the significance of Shays' Rebellion?

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Congress nor the states could raise an army to stop Shays' and elites assembled a privately paid force to do the job. This caused further dissatisfaction with the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

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What was the purpose of the Convention in Philadelphia?

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To ratify the US Constitution

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What was the purpose of the Convention in Philadelphia?

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To ratify the US Constitution

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John Locke's beliefs regarding property rights

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The preservation of property is the responsibility of the government

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What was the purpose of the Convention in Philadelphia?

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To ratify the US Constitution

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John Locke's beliefs regarding property rights

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The preservation of property is the responsibility of the government

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According to Madison, what was the most common and durable source of factions?

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The various and unequal distribution of property

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Describe the significance of the case McCulloch v. MD to congressional powers.

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A sc decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments.

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Does a republic or a pure democracy control the spread factions?

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Republic because one person can make decisions based on the majority of the population

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Describe the significance of the case McCulloch v. MD to congressional powers.

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A sc decision that established the supremacy of the national government over state governments.

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What is the difference between expressed and implied powers of congress?

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Implied powers are powers beyond congress' expressed powers which ensure that it can carry out its duties, given to congress by the necessary and proper clause.

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Describe the interstate commerce clause.

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Gives Congress the power to regulate trade between the states

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Describe the significance of the case Gibbons v. Ogden

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The SCOTUS decision which further expanded Congress' power to regulate interstate and international commerce by defining commerce very broadly to incorporate every form of commercial activity, thus extending their power.

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Does a republic or a pure democracy control the spread factions?

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Republic because one person can make decisions based on the majority of the population

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How did the US constitution deal with slavery?

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Congress could regulate future importation of slaves but not slavery itself

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How did the US constitution deal with Equality in Voting?

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They decided to leave the issue up to states

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How did the US constitution deal with Equality in Voting?

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They decided to leave the issue up to states

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How did the US constitution deal with equality and representation of the states?

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The Connecticut compromise

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Full Faith and Credit

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A clause in Article IV of the Constitution requires states to recognize the official documents and civil judgements rendered by the courts or other states

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How did the US constitution deal with Equality in Voting?

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They decided to leave the issue up to states

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How did the US constitution deal with equality and representation of the states?

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The Connecticut compromise

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New Jersey plan

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The proposal at the constitutional convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population

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Extradition

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A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.

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Virginia Plan

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The proposal at the Constitutional convention that called for representation of each in Congress in proportion to that states share of the US population

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Privileges and Immunities

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A clause in Article IV of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privilege of citizens of other states.

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Connecticut Compromise

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The compromise reached at the Constitutional convention that established 2 houses of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a state's share of the US population, and the Senate, in which each state has 2 representatives

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Cooperative Federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)

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Where state and the national government responsibilities are mingled and blurred, powers and policies are shared.

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Dual Federalism (Layer Cake Federalism)

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Where states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres of power.

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Connecticut Compromise

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The compromise reached at the Constitutional convention that established 2 houses of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a state's share of the US population, and the Senate, in which each state has 2 representatives

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How did the US constitution deal with individual rights?

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They constructed a limited government and dispersed power among branches of national government and between national and state governments so that each level or branch could restrain order

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Define devolution and give an example.

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When powers of the national government are transferred to the state government.

For example the national government allows the state governments to have their own standards for education.

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Writ of Habeas Corpus

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This enables people who are detained by authorities to secure an immediate inquiry and reasons why they have been detained

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Define devolution and give an example.

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When powers of the national government are transferred to the state government.

For example the national government allows the state governments to have their own standards for education.

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Categorical Grants

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A grant that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending.

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Ex Post Facto Laws

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Laws which punish citizens or increase penalties for acts that were not illegal or not punishable

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Define devolution and give an example.

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When powers of the national government are transferred to the state government.

For example the national government allows the state governments to have their own standards for education.

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Categorical Grants

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A grant that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending.

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Formula Grant

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A type of categorical grant where states and local governments do not apply for a grant but are given funds on the basis of of a mathematical formula.

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Define devolution and give an example.

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When powers of the national government are transferred to the state government.

For example the national government allows the state governments to have their own standards for education.

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Categorical Grants

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A grant that can be used only for specific purposes of state and local spending.

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Formula Grant

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A type of categorical grant where states and local governments do not apply for a grant but are given funds on the basis of of a mathematical formula.

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Project Grant

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A type of categorical grants awarded on the basis of competitive applications.

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Block Grants

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Broad program grants given more or less automatically to states and communities, which exercise discretion in how the money is spent.

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Fiscal Federalism

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The pattern of the national government spending, taxing, and providing grants to the state governments.

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Funded mandates

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Congress requires states to comply with a federal regulation and supports the states financially to achieve the policy.

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Funded mandates

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Congress requires states to comply with a federal regulation and supports the states financially to achieve the policy.

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Underfunded mandate

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Congress requires states to comply with a federal regulation and only partially supports them financially to achieve the policy while states have to fund the rest.

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Unfunded mandate

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Congress requires states to comply with federal regulation and does not support the states financially, thus states have to fund the policy themselves.

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Ideologue voters

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People that connect their opinions and beliefs with broad policy positions taken by parties or candidates

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Group benefits voters

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These people thought of politics mainly in terms of the groups they liked or disliked

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Nature of the times voters

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Vote bass on how the economy is doing

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Nature of the times voters

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Vote bass on how the economy is doing

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No issue content

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Voted routinely for a party or judged the candidates solely by their personalities