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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Absolute monarchy
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A form of government where the king or queen has absolute power over all aspects of his/her subjects' lives
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Estates
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The Catholic clergy, the nobility, and everyone else (97% of the population)
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Estates-General
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Made up of delegates representing each estate
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National Assembly
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Formed after members of the Third-Estate were locked out of the Estates-General
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Tennis Court Oath
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When the National Assembly promised not to disband until a constitution had been written for France
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The Bastille
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A prison in Paris
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Royalists
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Still favored absolute monarchy
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Moderates
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Wanted king to share power with a new legislature
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Radicals
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Pushed for an end to monarchy
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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
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Contained ideas of Loacke, Montesquieu, Rousseau; stated that all people are equal before the law, guaranteed freedom of speech, press, religion, and protected against abritrary arrest and punishment
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Women's March on Versailles
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In October 1789, thousands of women demanding bread marched to the king's palace
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Emigres
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Nobles who had fled France; hoped to restore full power to the king
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September Massacres
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Killed imprisoned nobles and priests accused of political crimes
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National Convention
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Lawyers, doctors, and other middle class people came together to write a democratic constitution
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Sans-culottes
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Shopkeepers, artisans, and workers who thought of themselves as heroes; demanded respect from upper classes
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Reign of Terror
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When Jacobins attempted to kill all opposition within France; lasted from July 1793 to July 1794
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Committee of Public Safety
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Formed to direct war effort
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The Directory
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An executive council of 5 men called directors
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Coup d' etat
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Quick seizure of power
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Chickens live in a....
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Plebiscite
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A vote
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Napoleonic Code
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Bases on Enlightenment ideas such as equality, and religious toleration
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Concordat of 1801
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Agreement that stated Catholicism is religion of majority of French people but affirmed religious tolerance for all
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Battle of Trafalgar
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In October 1805, British commander easily defeated French navy; eliminated possibility of a French invasion of Great Britain
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Continental System
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When Napoleon ordered all European nations to stop trade with the British
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Nationalism
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Yearning for self-rule and restoration o customs and traditions
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Battle at Waterloo
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European armies feared that Napoleon would regain his strength; so they brutally defeated his army in the Austrian Netherlands in June 1815
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Louis XIV
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Known as the "Sun King"; kept his royalty for 72 years until the day of his death
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Louis XVI
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Took throne after Louis XV in 1774; supported American Revolution, taxed nobility and clergy due to financial crisis
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Marie Antoinette
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Wife of Louis XVI and was a year younger than him
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Abbe Sieyes
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A supporter of the Third Estate who believed that life would be infinitely better without the other two estates
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George-Jacques Danton
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During war with Austria and Prussia he stated that war would be won with boldness, was a leader of the Mountain, called on French forces to expand French territories
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Maximilien Robespierre
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Was leader of the Committee of Public Safety, and a leader of the Mountain; eventually executed
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Live life to the Max
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Jean-Paul Marat
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Was leader of the Mountain; killed by Charlotte Corday
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Charlotte Corday
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Loyal Girondist that killed Jacobin leader Marat and was beheaded
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Napoleon Bonaparte
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Military leader who had strong intention of becoming a strong ruler
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Alexander I
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Viewed Napoleon's control as a threat to Russia; withdrew from Continental System in 1811
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Charles Dickens
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Famous British author who wrote about the sights of a London morning (Wrote the book Oliver Twist)
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Domestic System
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Having workers produce products in their homes
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Enclosure movement
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Allowed landowners to fence off private and common lands
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Charles Townshend
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Urged growing of turnips to enrich soil
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Towny
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Robert Bakewell
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Bred stronger horses for farm work and fatter sheep and cattle for meat
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He's gonna bake the animals.
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Jethro Tull
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Developed a seed drill that enabled farmers to plant seeds in orderly rows
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Jethro is his first name.
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Capital
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Money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials
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Entrepreneurs
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(businesspeople) set up industries by bringing together capital, labor, and new industrial inventions
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John Kay
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British clock maker who invented the flying shuttle
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Every kiss begins with Kay.
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Flying shuttle
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Where weaver simply had to pull sharply on a cord, instead of pushing the shuttle by hand; two to three times more material was produced
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James Hargreaves
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In the 1760s a weaver-carpenter invented the spinning jenny
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His last name starts with an H.
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Spinning jenny
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Enabled one person to spin 80 threads at a time
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Richard Arkwright
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In 1768 a struggling barber developed the water frame
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Ark!
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Water Frame
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Huge spinning machine that ran continually on waterpower
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Water is the key word.
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Samuel Crompton
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In 1779 combined spinning jenny and water frame into new machine called the spinning mule
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S.C. are his initials.
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Spinning mule
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Produced strong thread that could be woven into high quality muslin cloth
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Edmund Cartwright
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In 1787 responded to shortage of weavers with the power loom
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Edmund is his first name.
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Power loom
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Ran on horse, water, or steam power, and made it possible for weavers to keep up with the amount of yarn produced
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Eli Whitney
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American developer who developed the cotton gin in 1793
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Cotton gin
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Machine that cleaned cotton 50 times quicker than a person; helped British textile industry overcome last major problem
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Factory system
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Organized method of production that brought workers and machines together under control of managers
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James Watt
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Scottish mathematician that designed an efficient steam engine
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His last name kinda sounds like what.
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Henry Bessemer
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Developed methods to inexpensively produce steel from iron
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This was the "bess" method.
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Richard Trevithick
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Invented a steam-powered carriage that ran on wheels, and a steam locomotive that ran on rails
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Thick!
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Robert Fulton
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Designed the first practical steamboat
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R is to red as First is to ...
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"workshop of the world"
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The nickname industrialists gave to Great Britain
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W
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Industrial capitalism
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Involved continually expanding factories or investing in new businesses, then using profits to hire more workers and buy additional raw materials and new machines
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Interchangeable parts
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Products that increased factory production
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Division of labor
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Where each worker in a factory performed a specialized task on a product as it moved by on a conveyor belt
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Partnership
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A business organization involving two or more entrepreneurs who can raise more capital and take on more business than if each had gone into business alone
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Corporation
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Business organization owned by stockholders who buy shares in a company (partnership many steps further)
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Labor unions
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Many workers joined together to form worker associations; associations hoped to improve wages and working conditions of their members
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Collective bargaining
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When union leaders and an employer meet together to discuss problems and reach an agreement
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Samuel Slater
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Came to United States from Britain in 1789 and introduced spinning technology
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Think DJ.
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Frederick Taylor
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Encouraged manufacturers to divide tasks into detailed and specific segments of a step-by-step procedure
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Jacksonville Jaguars RB.
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Henry Ford
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Used assembly-line methods in 1913 to mass produce his Model T automobiles
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Samuel Morse
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An American investor that assembled a working model of the telegraph
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Morse Code
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Guglielmo Marconi
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Devised the wireless telegraph in 1895
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Sounds like giggle.
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Developed the telephone in 1876
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Thomas Edison
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In 1877, invented the phonograph which reproduced sound; two years later invented incandescent lightbulbs (made electric lighting cheap and accessible)
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Rudolf Diesel
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Developed an oil burning internal-combustion engine that could run industrial plants, ocean liners, and locomotives
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Rudolf...
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Wright Brothers
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In 1903 achieved first flight of a motorized airplane
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How did Napoleon restore order in France? Which of these actions were good? Which of these actions were examples of Napoleon being a dictator?
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-Restructured gov't by replacing elected local officials with men he appointed
-Created technical schools, universities, and secondary schools -Gave scholarships to poor families -Created Bank of France and required every citizen to pay taxes which were deposited into the bank -Napoleonic Code -Concordat of 1801 -War genius |
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