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66 Cards in this Set

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Wright Mill's/ Troubles

Personal challenges

Wright Mills/ Issues

Larger Social Challenges.

When is a problem a social problem

-influential group defines a social condition as threating it's values


-Affects a large # of people


- can be remedied by a collective action

Types of Social Norms

-Folkways


-Laws


-Mores


-situational

Social Norms


-


Folkways

Customs and manners of society

Social Norms- Laws

Formal norms backed by authority

Social Norms-Mores

Norms with a moral basis

Social Norms- Situational

Norms that change according to given situation

Elements of Culture


-


Norms

Socially defined rules of behavior

Elements of Culture-Sanctions

Consequences of conforming to or violating norms

Elements of Culture-Symbols

Languages, gestures and objects whose meaning is commonly understood by the members of society

Social institutions

An established and enduring pattren of social relationships.

What are the 5 traditional institutions.

-Family


-Religion


-Politics


-Economics


-Education

Theoretical Approaches


-


Macro-sociological

Focuse on large group, social institutions as a whole.

Theoretical Approaches -Micro-sociological

Focuse on intamate level of everyday interactions between people

Structural Functianlist Perspective


-


Social pathology

Social problems result from "sickness" in society.

Structural Functianlist Perspective -Social Disorganization

Rapid social change disrupts social norms.

Conflict Perspective


-


Marxist

Social conflict resulting from inequality

Conflict Perspective-Non- Marxist

Social conflicts resultiong from competing values/interest

Symbolic Interactions

Individuals interacting in small groups conditions MUST be defined or recognized as social problems for them to be social problems

Labeling theory

Groups/conditions are viewed as problematic if they are labeled that way

Blumers Stages of Social Problems

1) Social recognition


2) Social legilitmation


3) Mobalization

Social stratification

Socio-economic layering of societys members acording to wealth


, power and prestige

GIN PPP

The gross national income of a country converted to international dollars using a factor called the purchasing power parity

Poverty line

The official measure of thoes whose incomes are less than 3 times what it takes to provide "adequte" food budget .

Near poverty line

Up to 25% above the poverty line

Absolout poverty

The level of proverty where individuals and families cannot sustain food, shelter, and safety needs

Life chances

Individuals access to basic opportunities and resorces in the market place

Open class system

An economic system that has upward mobility is achivment based and allows social relations between the levels

Close caste system

An economic system that is ascribed-based, allows no mobility between levels and does not allow social relations between the levels

1980 India has cultural disruption when the U.S took s workers from there and the workers moves up in ranks

Social mobility

The movement between economic strata in a society's system

Upward mobility

Moving from lower to higher class

Downward mobility

Moving from higher to lower class

Horizontal mobility

Remaining in the same class

Inter-generational mobility

Mobility between genreations

Grandparents->parents->grand children-> great grand children

Inter-generational mobility

Mobility within generations

Siblings or cousins

Structural mobility

Mobility in social class which is attributed to chances in social structure of a society at the larger social level, not personal level.

Socioeconomic statues

a combination of ones education, occupation and income

credential societies

Societies which use diplomas or degrees to determine who is eligible for a job.

Educational Attainment

number of years of school completed

Educational achivement

how much the student has learned in terms or reading, writing and arithmetic.

Comparison of education to Weber

the weather offers educational levels, social networks, marriage over all have better life chances BUT the paradox is that many life chances are readily available yet many refuse it

Family of orientaion

Family into which individuals are born into

Nuclear Family

family group consisting of a mother and/or father or both children

Blended family

family created by marriage of 2 adults where one of them has 1 or more children from a prior relationship

Extended family

All family members past nuclear or blended family

Monogomy

Having only 1 partner at a time

Polygamy

having multiple spouses at the same time

Polygyny

1 or more wife

Polyandry

1 or more husbands

Serial Monogomy

The process of establishing an intimate marriage or cohabit relationship that eventually dissolves and is followed by another intimate marriage or cohabit relationship that eventually dissolves ect.

What are the traditional roles

-Patriarchal


-Matriarchal


-Egalitarian

Patriarchal

Where males have more power and authority than famales and rights and inheritances typically pass from father to son

Matriarchal

Where females have more power and authority than males and rights and inheritances typically pass from Mother to Daughter

Egalitarian

power and authority more fairly distributed between husband and wife

What are the functions of the family

-economic support


-emotional support


-socialization of children


-control of sexuality


-control of reproduction


Ascribed status

Homogamy

the tendency to pair off with someone similar to one

Heterogmamy

tendency to pair off with someone different to one

Social exchange theaory

society is composed of ever present interactions among individual who attempt to maximize rewards with minimizing cost

Propinquity

the geographic proximity of 2 potential mates to one another

filtering

the process of eliminating potential mates from the pool of eligible in the market place

Sex Ratio

the number of males per 100 females in a given poulation

stimulus-value-role theory

as humans find someone they are attached to, they initiate contact, spend time together compare values and establish compatibility and eventually break off or make commitment towards cohabitation

Divorce

legal dissolution of a marriage

predictors of divorce

-early marriage


-existence of humans


-cohabit the marry


-non-commitment


-not getting to know the person


-not being pro-active in maintaining a marriage

Marital entropy

if a marriage does not revive preventive maintenance and upgrades it will decay and break down