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12 Cards in this Set

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Dying Warrior of the east pediment of the temple of aphaia; Classical Greek;480 BCE Characterization- he is fighting pain attempting to stand up. He wants to die on his feet representing the stoic values characteristic of the times. Contrasts archaic work because he isn't smiling. More mimesis/physical realism- muscles tensing and holding him up, pained expression.

Exekias; Achilles Dicing with Ajax; Greek; Archaic Period; Black-Figure vase; 530 BCE. One of the first artists to use his name as branding. Exekias ran his own studio. This was found in an Italian tomb- traded because of its value. Achilles and Ajax playing game of dice and preparing for war. Body language- one hand each throwing dice but the other gripping spears. Dealing with boredom- but always on edge (psychological effect of war). "Calm before a storm". Shows a human insight that wouldn't be present if it were a battlefield depiction.

Iktinos and Kallikrates; The Parthenon; Acropolis of Athens; Classical Greek; 440 BCE. Theories of Pythagoras influenced Greek temple architecture in Athens. Pythagoras believed beauty was related to math. Music of the Spheres- harmoniuos sound stars would make when astronomers mapped the direction of he stars. Why can't we hear it? Theories: not on our frequency, maybe we are used to it, etc. Ideas represent a search for harmony and universal harmony whi ch applies to architecture. Number of columns is a ratio to one another. Mathematical formulas for the pathenon that are meant to calculate the harmony. People see Athens as a cultural center of the universe. Doric columns on exterior, ionic columns on interior. Parthenon is designed with idea that it will be mathematically and harmoniously perfect. It is a symmetrical temple which makes it harmonious. Peristyle buildig- columnafes on each side. Temples are places of worship but also treasuries (who would want to desicrate a temple)

roman mosaic; the battle of issus; original by Philoxenos or eretria; 310 BCE; event depicted 333BCE; Hellenistic Roman mosaic of a Greek painting. Major battle fought by Alexander the Great vs. Persians. Peace brings us to another phase of Greek history. Alexander conquer the Greeks unify them against longtime enemies Persians. In what is today Iraq. Size of Alexander's eyes and the way he is staring and plus he's unstable. Accurate depiction of him charging towards Persians. Greeks were outnumbered but still won. Persians were well-decorated Greeks were practical. After the battle Alexander continues to press toward India becoming more unstable. Army turns mutinous and he leads them to the desert to punish them. Kill the general and his army Justified it because he's a king. Did whatever it took to game loyalty of his men. Defeated the city on the island of Tire by destroying a city on the mainland and using the rubble to build a bridge to the island. Died of malaria alternate theories suggest that Aristotle may have poisoned him because he was Alexander's tutor and quote unquote created a monster. Artist emphasizes the fear of dorius with his expression. horse turning around ready to flee shows artist's ability to get the horse accurate. Alexander is a genius and dangerous. Huge impact on Greek history. Places Alexander controlled were influenced and ruled by Greeks there for mixing culture. Eventually Greek culture faded after Alexander's death but was still Incorporated in original societies. Mix of cultures characteristic of Hellenistic work.

Mural in the Tomb of the Leopards; Etruscan; from Tarquinia; 470 BCE Etruscan tholos built into a hill Called tumulus Latin. Leopard standing guard leopards are flamboyant. Dramatic hand gestures very important and meaningful and Etruscan culture. Vibrant, cheerful, having a feast Outdoors. Geometric ceilings emphasise trapezoidal shape two walls. Sense of celebrating life and living not morning. Small symbol of Afterlife with the man holding an egg. Eggs mean rebirth and reincarnation.

Aule-Metele; The Orator; Etruscan/Roman Republic; 150BCE how much is public speaking. Roman Empire continued giving rights to conquered people in order to keep them in society and not wanting to repeal. Many oratory techniques are present in today's society. Rhetoriticians are people who spoke for entertainment. Dramatic speeches act as a display of skill and tactics for speaking.

Portrait of a Roman Patrician; Roman Republican; 50BCE; Veristic extremely realistic portrait style Veristic: realistic almost to the point of exaggeration. Culture where mimesis is a mark of skill for an artist better artist cost more. Emphasis on his age to show his wisdom and experience. Contrast with classical Greek heavily. Not beautiful not young. Romans have appreciation for wisdom and age. Family structure relying on age members for leadership Etc. Stomach valve use / philosophies courage, endurance, self restraint, present in his expression. Wants to do honorable thing for honor's sake. This man has learned from his cars Etc his head is slightly upturned pride and being honorable. "Stiff upper lip" controlling emotions.

Temple Complex of Fortuna Primiginia; Palestrina; Roman Republic; 100 BCE romans loved variety in their architecture. Contrast Greeks. Different geometric shapes contrasting one another to create geometrically very building. Built into a hillside. At the bottom two rectangular buildings with triangular pediment. Then a row of arches period stairs off center. Another rectangular building with half circles built in. Exedra is half circle architecture shape. At the top is a wide-open area flanked by Colonnades with Amphitheater on top. At the very top is a small shrine. Romans loved engineering moving the Earth Landscaping etcetera.

Augustus of Prinaportus; Roman Imperial; 20BCE. Octavian was his real name. Was an heir of Caesars. Was an emperor. Was only 19 when Caesar was killed. Was already a skilled orator. Quickly drawing support. His only rival Marc Anthony was trying to appeal to the same crowd. They teamed up against the conspirators causing a civil war. Conspirators are killed leaving rulership in Marc Anthony's hands. They fought among themselves for power. Marc Anthony had a political alliance with Cleopatra. And me and naval battle in Axiom. That was one of the most decisive battles in history. Octavian won against Marc Anthony and Cleopatra. After he wins he is given the name Augustus. Many statues and busts are made of him as propaganda. Black Caesar's reputation of facing danger with his men. Statues were political maneuvering. They show how he is represented like modern-day media and how people see him. Most people will never see him in the flesh so he has statues made to represent him. The statue of shows his power as a leader of soldiers wearing armor and as a leader of people wearing Robes of the Senate. Still at work. Cupid is meant to represent his descent from goddess Venus. Very young appearance from The Descent Descent of a goddess. Also representing that he is a prodigy being so young. Contrast with the Romans Republic old statues.

Ara Pacis Augustae; Roman Imperial; 10BCE altar of Augustaen peace. Marble with relief. Period of internal peace within Roman Empire. Overall peaceful interrupted serval times but mostly peaceful. Has 3 reliefs the Tellus relief after the figure in the center Mother Earth figure tell us. Figures on either side are personified Italy and Rome. Surrounded by many crabs in their Peak despite never peaking at the same time in reality. Represented a golden age idyllic time. Since Golden Age the world was in Decline period philosophers theorized if the Golden Age returned because of Augustus. This was used as propaganda to make people think he brought the second Golden Age period animals and geese and crops equal Prosperity. This represents a myth where a goose alerted Rome of Invaders. Babies represent peace and prosperity or safe time for families. Babies were also meant to promote large families to increase population. Imperial procession relief: Imperial Parade through town. Can see augustus looking youthful. Sculptor was looking to the future for an event supposed to happen after the altar was finished. It included real people, rulers from distant lands. Supposed to make people think augustus could control time by showing people who were not there physically. Phidian drapery.

Pont due Hard; Roman Imperial; 15BCE; Architect: Agrippa Located in France. Aqueduct brought water to the city. Agrippa was Augustus is General in the army. Was a renaissance man of his time. Romans found good water by studying the population near the source if they were healthy they took the water if they were sick they did not. Could bring water for Miles. Show the love for engineering based on principle of the arch. Survived for over two thousand years obviously skilled engineers. Air pollution is currently affecting it negatively today

The Garden of the Villa of Livia; Primaporta; Second style Roman Painting; Roman Imperial; 30 BCE On a wall in a villa. Foggy early-morning emphasis on weather. Romans invented atmospheric perspective. Distance is blurry and I'm scared. Painting is on a wall in an open-air home like a window. Idea that the artwork trick the eye into seeing another Garden. No framing device supposed to be an illusion. I did look scene with fruit and flowers. Very detailed with Garden scenes or skip cityscapes. Even cityscapes a very peaceful. City things are imaginary cityscapes very complex. Different artist than for style these are works of art as opposed to just a house painting. These themes are associated with the Lost Golden Age period reflects the peaceful side of life very humanistic because people wanted peace and relaxation as opposed to brutal coliseums and imperialism