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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A child's learning emotional language
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Scaffolding: parents helping children learn
- emotional language, a world is structured that helps children learn about emotional experiences. - Talking about the kind of events that create emotion help children understand their own emotions |
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Cultural differences in emotional socialization
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Chinese mothers: focus on external behaviors and actions
European mothers: focus on internal feelings and thoughts A mother's use of mental state language was predictive of emotional knowledge but a child's response actively effects the outcome CONCLUSION: children actively learn from interactions with parents |
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Stability of personality/temperament from early on until adulthood STUDY
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.4 correlation of infant temperament to adult temperament
STUDY Starting at age 8, then following up 30 years later angry boys at age 8 were the same at 38, dropped out of school, had erratic work lives, and were poorer than parents angry girls, married below expectations, got divorced more, and were generally ill tempered |
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Shaver et. al's study of security primes and hurt feelings
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70 UCD students wrote about having their feelings hurt by their partner
They were then primed with either: security or neutral words. While rating furniture Neutral Primes: Avoidant: defensive and hostile reactions Anxious: less constructive, more rejected, and negative Security priming: tones down negative response to a more balanced level |
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Evidence for genetic contributions to temperament
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Monozygotic twins have higher correlated scores on temperament than dizygotic, meaning temperament is partly due to genes
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Relation of adult attachment styles to features of people's dreams
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30 days, and 14 dreams each recorded
Anxious attachment dreams: saw self as; weak, helpless and unloved Avoidant attachment dreams: saw self as; less responsive, cold, hostile |
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Mikulincer et al. study of the effects of security priming on PTSD reactions to terrorism related words during the stroop test
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students in the PTSD group had longer color naming latencies for words like bomb or gun fire
but priming people with loving words reduces this effect |
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The medical model of psychological disorders and the issues with it
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Problems are discrete and well differentiated from normal functioning
Specific and recognized etiology and corresponding treatment for disorders The course of treatment is similar across children who suffer from it PROBLEMS WITH THIS PERSPECTIVE: not backed up by data, it is preferred now to see disorders on a dimension rather than as concrete deviations from normalcy |
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The concepts of prevalence and incidence
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Prevalence: proportion of a population that suffer from a disorder over a period of time
Incidence: the number of new onsets of a disorder in a given period of time |
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The two kind of children (orchids and dandelions)
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Orchids: thrive under optimal circumstances, but will whither and die if not cultivated properly
Dandelions: develop well whether growing on a sidewalk or in a garden |
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How emotions might be related to disorders (Dodge's perspective)
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Emotions might be related to disorders in four ways
1: emotions are exaggerated by faulty appraisals and depression 2: emotions are unusual or inappropriate in the given situation 3: emotions are poorly regulated 4: the disordered emotions may once have been adaptive but now are not |
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Dodge's study of the appraisal of children with various emotional disorders
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Read or showed videotapes of a negative social event:
- child bumped into another - child refused to let another play Aggressive children: saw the perpetrator as hostile Non-aggressive children: saw it as an accident CONCLUSION: these responses predict later aggression |
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Characteristics of romanian orphans adopted into british families
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romanian children in bad conditions adopted into british families (no attachment to a caregiver at vital age)
Romanian children: had disorganized attachment, abnormal attachment, external mal adaptive symptoms Followed up 15 years later and had: quasi-autism, avoidant/disorganized, cognitively impaired, attention problems |
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Relations between problems of parents and children as indicated in the film "voice therapy"
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Parents unconsciously pass on negative perceptions to children
Eg: mother made to feel worthless by her mother, passes it on to child |
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Symptoms of depression
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for at least two weeks
- sad/depressed - loss of pleasure - sleeplessness - slow - trouble concentrating - feel worthless - suicidal |