Midterm 3 Emotion Study Guide Part 2

Front 1

A child's learning emotional language

Back 1

Scaffolding: parents helping children learn

- emotional language, a world is structured that helps children learn about emotional experiences.

- Talking about the kind of events that create emotion help children understand their own emotions

Front 2

Cultural differences in emotional socialization

Back 2

Chinese mothers: focus on external behaviors and actions

European mothers: focus on internal feelings and thoughts

A mother's use of mental state language was predictive of emotional knowledge

but a child's response actively effects the outcome

CONCLUSION: children actively learn from interactions with parents

Front 3

Stability of personality/temperament from early on until adulthood STUDY

Back 3

.4 correlation of infant temperament to adult temperament

STUDY

Starting at age 8, then following up 30 years later

angry boys at age 8 were the same at 38, dropped out of school, had erratic work lives, and were poorer than parents

angry girls, married below expectations, got divorced more, and were generally ill tempered

Front 4

Shaver et. al's study of security primes and hurt feelings

Back 4

70 UCD students wrote about having their feelings hurt by their partner

They were then primed with either: security or neutral words. While rating furniture

Neutral Primes:

Avoidant: defensive and hostile reactions

Anxious: less constructive, more rejected, and negative

Security priming: tones down negative response to a more balanced level

Front 5

Evidence for genetic contributions to temperament

Back 5

Monozygotic twins have higher correlated scores on temperament than dizygotic, meaning temperament is partly due to genes

Front 6

Relation of adult attachment styles to features of people's dreams

Back 6

30 days, and 14 dreams each recorded

Anxious attachment dreams: saw self as; weak, helpless and unloved

Avoidant attachment dreams: saw self as; less responsive, cold, hostile

Front 7

Mikulincer et al. study of the effects of security priming on PTSD reactions to terrorism related words during the stroop test

Back 7

students in the PTSD group had longer color naming latencies for words like bomb or gun fire

but priming people with loving words reduces this effect

Front 8

The medical model of psychological disorders and the issues with it

Back 8

Problems are discrete and well differentiated from normal functioning

Specific and recognized etiology and corresponding treatment for disorders

The course of treatment is similar across children who suffer from it

PROBLEMS WITH THIS PERSPECTIVE: not backed up by data, it is preferred now to see disorders on a dimension rather than as concrete deviations from normalcy

Front 9

The concepts of prevalence and incidence

Back 9

Prevalence: proportion of a population that suffer from a disorder over a period of time

Incidence: the number of new onsets of a disorder in a given period of time

Front 10

The two kind of children (orchids and dandelions)

Back 10

Orchids: thrive under optimal circumstances, but will whither and die if not cultivated properly

Dandelions: develop well whether growing on a sidewalk or in a garden

Front 11

How emotions might be related to disorders (Dodge's perspective)

Back 11

Emotions might be related to disorders in four ways

1: emotions are exaggerated by faulty appraisals and depression

2: emotions are unusual or inappropriate in the given situation

3: emotions are poorly regulated

4: the disordered emotions may once have been adaptive but now are not

Front 12

Dodge's study of the appraisal of children with various emotional disorders

Back 12

Read or showed videotapes of a negative social event:

- child bumped into another

- child refused to let another play

Aggressive children: saw the perpetrator as hostile

Non-aggressive children: saw it as an accident

CONCLUSION: these responses predict later aggression

Front 13

Characteristics of romanian orphans adopted into british families

Back 13

romanian children in bad conditions adopted into british families (no attachment to a caregiver at vital age)

Romanian children: had disorganized attachment, abnormal attachment, external mal adaptive symptoms

Followed up 15 years later and had: quasi-autism, avoidant/disorganized, cognitively impaired, attention problems

Front 14

Relations between problems of parents and children as indicated in the film "voice therapy"

Back 14

Parents unconsciously pass on negative perceptions to children

Eg: mother made to feel worthless by her mother, passes it on to child

Front 15

Symptoms of depression

Back 15

for at least two weeks

- sad/depressed
- loss of pleasure
- sleeplessness
- slow
- trouble concentrating
- feel worthless
- suicidal