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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was Rogers' central idea? |
Self-Actualization |
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Where do people's motivations arise from? |
Within (similar to psychoanalysis) |
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What is the phenomenal field? |
People's internal frames of reference |
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What are the three main proponents of phenomenological and humanistic theories? |
Rogers; Maslow; Positive Psychology |
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Which time period did the humanistic theories originate from? |
The Enlightenment |
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How do early humanistic views see people? |
As essentially good people |
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How did discoveries of the natural sciences (Newton, Linnaeus, Lavoisier, etc) affect the humanistic theories? |
By seeing people as having the potential to learn and discover almost anything |
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What idea did the philosophers of the enlightenment believe? |
The belief that: to be able to learn anything, one cannot conform to society and authority |
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What constitutes the essence of existence? |
People are unique, irreplaceable, and our subjective experiences must be taken seriously |
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What mode of thinking helped propel and influence humanistic theories? |
Existentialism in the 20th century |
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What type of family did Carl Rogers have? |
A very religious family that isolated themselves on a farm in the USA |
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What field of work did Rogers start in and base his theory off of? |
He worked with children as a psychologist |
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In Rogers' theory, how concerned was he with the influence of the past, present and future? |
He was concerned with the present and recent past |
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What is idiographic? |
In-depth research, similar to case-studies |
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What is nomothetic? |
Broad-based research, similar to experiments |
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What type of experiences did Rogers study? |
Subjective experiences of the person |
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What are the 3 perceptions of the self, according to Rogers? |
Organization, compatibility, and congruency |
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What is the organized perception of Rogers' concept of the self? |
The self is a consistent and integrated whole |
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What is the compatible perception of Rogers' concept of the self? |
Our perceptions fit together nicely |
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What is the congruent perception of Rogers' concept of the self? |
Our self-experiences are parallel with what we see and perceive |
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What is the ideal self? |
It is who we want to be, ideally |
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What is the actual self? |
It is who we are now |
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What is Higgins', ought self? |
It is who we should be |
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What is Donahue's, feared self? |
It is who we are scared or don't want to be |
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What is positive regard? |
A.K.A. positive social feedback; a universal need of humans that we need appreciation from others and our selfW |
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What is unconditional positive regard? |
The (ideal) condition in which one or many values another for being just who they are (Example: Dogs) |
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What is conditional positive regard? |
The most common type of positive regard: where positive regard is contingent on the person's behavior |
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What are conditions of worth? |
The expectations of what one must do for others to like them |
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What is self-determination? |
The way that if a person is given the opportunity, they will grow towards their ideal self |
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According to Rogers' theory, are rewards and incentives good?
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No, they stunt the growth of the actual self |
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What are the 3 roadblocks to self-actualization? |
Defensive processes, incongruence, disorganization (DID) |
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What are defensive processes? |
Perceptual distortion: where we mentally distort our perceptions to fit. Denial: where we won't allow it to come to consciousness |
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What is incongruency? |
Where we perceive something or experience something that is not in line with our actual self (bending the tree) |
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What is disorganisation? |
When our defensive processes don't work or break down due to overload and we become fully conscious and not know who we are |
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What is reintegration? |
Where we are in an unconditional positive regarding environment with a therapist to figure out who you are |
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What is self-actualization> |
The best person we can be |
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How is treatment performed from a Rogerian viewpoint? |
Client-centered, face-to-face, and negotiable
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What are the 4 characteristics that are essential to treatment? ***IMPORTANT*** |
Empathy, warmth, presence, and genuineness |
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What is empathy? |
To be able to imaginatively put oneself in another's shoes and see where they are coming from |
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What is warmth? |
Being non-judgemental or unconditional positive regarding |
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What is genuineness? |
Telling the client (not patient) how you really feel in a non-harmful way (such as constructive criticism) |
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What is presence? |
Undivided attention towards a client |
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How many people should be involved in treatment, according to Rogers? |
At least 2 |
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How should treatment occur in terms of unconditional positive regard? |
The therapist should provide unconditional positive regard and the client should perceive the unconditional regard |
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What does a fully functioning person look like, according to Rogers? |
Open to experiences Congruency in the self Their locus of evaluation is themselves No conditions of worth Capable of experiencing unconditional positive regard Experiences harmonious relationships with others |
