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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Keltner, Oatley, Jenkins: analysis of three different social motives
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Attachment, Affiliation, Assertion
Attachment: release from distress, escaping negative emotion Affiliation: joy, affection, etc. sharing positive things Assertion/power/competition: not focused on because it has little to do with infancy, research isn't there yet |
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Why gratitude is important for cooperative social living
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gratitude is a powerful determinant of whether or not we engage in pro-social behavior
- Gratitude is major in cooperative living: it tells us who is generous and who is not, motivates affection and altruistic behavior - Gratitude holds people in spirit of common goals and morality in emotion: Tells us in the group what is and what is not acceptable, shows us who cooperates and who does not. |
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Why gratitude is important for cooperative social living STUDY
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Mccullough, Emmons et al. 2001
Participants helped confederate to fix a computer problem -bring the recipient of the help led to: gratitude, and more helpful of others |
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Why sharing resources among friends might be problematic for evolutionary theory
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If someone isn't related to you, why would you share with them?
- if you help anothers chance of survival, you hurt yours - might even make resources scarcer for your family |
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Comparison between anger and contempt as seemingly similar emotions
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Anger: something is unjust --> express it --> maybe it gets fixed externally
Contempt: you're beneath me --> the situation doesn't matter --> your existence is the problem Anger: problem is the situation, Contempt: problem is the person |
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Cross cultural similarities and differences in triggers of various emotions in the U.S. and India
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India: people are angered by events that would not make americans angry such as:
- child cuts hair off after death of father - upper caste comes into contact with lower caste |
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Cross cultural similarities and differences in triggers of various emotions in the U.S. and India STUDY (powerlessness/external negative event)
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Roseman et. al 1995
Comparison of appraisals for people in America or India Powerlessness elicits sadness and fear but not anger external negative event causes anger but not sadness or fear |
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Emotion Congruence vs. feelings as information (EMOTIONAL CONGRUENCE)
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Memories of emotional experiences are parts of associative networks that portray memories as nodes or links
Emotional Tags: what you experience during an event becomes and marks that memory Having the same emotion as the emotional tag helps you remember that memory --> later research did not support so Forga's affect Infusion Model was developed |
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Emotion Congruence vs. feelings as information (FORGA'S AFFECT INFUSION MODEL)
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Current emotions color cognitive judgements
- this happens during complex integration of aspects of memory - doesn't happen with simple memories |
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Emotion Congruence vs. feelings as information (forga's affect infusion model lead into FEELINGS AS INFORMATION)
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emotions are heauristics, to be used when using logic is to draining or difficult
This stops when you become aware of what is effecting your emotional response EG: I notice the sky is cloudy and I feel gloomy today, it must be the clouds, suddenly I feel better When the issue is easy to solve: we use alghorithms |
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Broaden and Build theory of positive emotions by Barbara Frederickson (POSITIVE EMOTIONS)
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Positive emotions: broaden and build over cognitive and social skills as well as mental resources
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Broaden and Build theory of positive emotions by Barbara Frederickson (INTELLECTUAL/PHSYICAL)
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Intellectual aspect of broaden and build: positive emotion helps with problem solving and gaining new information
Physical aspect of broaden and build theory helps with coordination, and health/strength |
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Broaden and Build theory of positive emotions by Barbara Frederickson (SOCIAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES)
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Social aspect of broaden and build leads into the creation of new bonds with others and the creation of new bonds with others
Psychological aspects of broaden and build leads to more optimistic views as well as a better understanding your identity and goals in life |
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The emotion Stroop test (NOT PTSD)
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Neutral or emotional words shown
Try to see if people slowed down in identifying colors for emotionally significant words RESULTS: Rape victims: had slowed down responses to rape words, those who coped showed less issues CONCLUSIONS -Those who have experienced trauma are in a particular state in which their brain is readily focused on threats related to trauma |
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What Waagenaar learned by keeping a record of daily events in life
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Events that involved:
Salience: less frequent noticeable events Emotional Involvement: emotional reactions to events Pleasantness: event is enjoyable |
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Emotions and Reactions to persuasion attempts/ how it works in commercials
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Positive mood: easier to persuade
Neutral or negative mood: analytical persuasion only, you have to have a good argument commercials prime us with humor to get us to buy their product |
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Greene's studies of the "Trolley Dilemma"
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Runaway trolley
Impersonal aspect: flip a switch to kill 1 to save 5 personal aspect: push 1 person to save 5 People judge whether it's moral or not: People feel the personal aspect is immoral, likely because it involves more emotion |
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Effects of fear on attention
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Fear leads to a greater attention to it's cause, making it more likely you will remember the event.
anxiety helps in small amounts, but in large amounts it hinders performance |
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Dutton and Aaron's 1974 study of romantic attraction
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Someone on rocky swaying bridge, someone on firm steady bridge.
Other side of the bridge there is a man or woman with a ambiguous picture, a questionnaire, and their phone number Results: those on rocky bridge called back girl, and saw ambiguous imagery as sexual People confused their anxiety for arousal |
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Findings concerning eyewitness memory for a real crime
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Those personally connected remember more than those not connected
emotionally salient material was remembered better than bland material Conclusion: amygdala and hippocampus involved in emotion and memory, meaning the brain is built to remember emotional experiences |
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How emotions such as anger effect perception and judgement (gun study, movie theater study)
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STUDY 1:
participants identify neutral object or a gun -anger lead to misidentification of neutral object as gun STUDY 2 People coming out of movie theaters saw a variety of movies. -when asked about politics, the future, or crime, their responses were colored by the movie |
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The relative placement in the brain of emotions (limbic system) and executive control area that regulates the brain
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Limbic system: plaeomammalian and midbrain that deal with emotion
Executive: Neomammalian/prefrontal cortex |
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Concept and nature of emotional intelligence
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Four different skills
- Physical cues: accurately perceive others emotions through careful reading of expressions, vocalizations, postures, and gestures - understanding own emotions - using feelings to make decisions - regulating emotion |
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Ultimatum game
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Person one offers to share money and person two either accepts or denies this
accepted money: shares are distributed declined money: no one gets anything Effects: - rejectable offers cause the heart rate to slow down - unfair offers cause aggression, benzos decrease this - unfair offers aggressive response is prompted by disgust, not anger CONCLUSION: emotions affect our perceptions of what we deserve. |